Naphat

[Naphat]

No.3 of page 341
A significant test result (P≤0.05) means that the test hypothesis is false or should be rejected

A low P-value may conclude that there is statistical evidence supporting the rejection of H0, but this does not mean that the alternative hypothesis is true.
From studies and sample data, there is or is not enough evidence to indicate that Ho is true, so we accept or reject H0.

[Naphat]

If the quantitative research questionnaire is unable to answer the research question, the qoustionairs of qualitative research can help explain why paticipants do not use bednet to prevent malaria.

[Naphat]

I am a lab technician at AFRIMS who has no expiriences in statistic analysis.
In some research lab skill that I was trained. Its use SPSS for calculated PRNT50.
I have to learned biostatistics when I was an undergrad students.
I’m glad to learn more about statistic in Health informatics by using R programing and hope it will prove my skills.

[Naphat]

I think that if we want to replacing the old technology by new technology, the new technology should have more benefits than the old technology and can reduce important things like cost and time but still maintain efficiency output or better.
Make sure that useful and make sure that easy to use.
Its can be checked by experts in that field of new technology and survey results with users or people involved in whether that technology is useful or not.

[Naphat]

The ‘external variables’ that I think might influence an individuals perceived ease of use or perceived usefulness of a new technology are

– Easy to use, features and steps are not too complicated.
– Privacy and security of new technology
– reliable system

[Naphat]

1. Efficacy: How the vaccine performs in ideals condition or controlled clinical trial

2. Effectiveness: How the vaccine performs in the wider populations

3. Efficiency: the probability the vaccine will prevent someone from catching diseases.

[Naphat]

In my opinion, I think one of the confounders is lack of internet access. There is a problem with access to the Internet or access to the Internet is less than that of young people. Maybe its cause by cost of internet package or device not support the internet as 4G or 5G.

[Naphat]

“Infant mortality rate”

Definition
Infant mortality is the death of an infant before his or her first birthday.Causes of Infant Mortality are five leading causes of infant death were:
– Birth defects.
– Preterm birth and low birth weight.
– Injuries (e.g., suffocation).
– Sudden infant death syndrome.
– Maternal pregnancy complications.
and etc.
In addition to giving us key information about maternal and infant health, the infant mortality rate is an important marker of the overall health of a society.

Calculation
(Number of resident infant deaths/Number of resident live births) x 1,000
Exp.
1,300 infant deaths in 2021 among state residents
150,000 live births in 2021 to state residents
1,300/150,000 x 1,000 = 8.7 infant deaths per 1,000 live births in 2022 among state residents

Usefulness
IMR remains an important indicator of health for whole populations, reflecting the intuition that structural factors affecting the health of entire populations have an impact on the mortality rate of infants.

[Naphat]

Sex: male
Place of birth: Bkk
Education: ฺB.Sc Microbiology
Occupation: Lab Tech.
Workplace: AFRIMS
Working experiences: 7 Years

[Naphat]

What intervention(s) you are considering in your modelling?

– Social distancing & Lockdown includes avoiding large gatherings, physical contact, and other efforts to mitigate the spread of infectious disease. According to my model, this is going to impact or decrease of transmission rate or beta.

– Case identification & isolation; Vaccine & antiviral drugs for increase recovery rate or gamma.

How it will be added to the model structure?

– According of my model from last week, I would like to modified the equations by adding some parameters to the equations to make the mathematical model more complete.

What are the characteristics of the intervention(s)?

– Both of interventions have more impact to increase and decrease some parameters of the structure of SEIR COVID-19 model by the current pandemic. The characteristics of this intervention will help me predict the COVID situation more effectively.

[Naphat]

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease emerging in China in December 2019 that has rapidly spread around China and many other countries. On 11 February 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) renamed the epidemic disease caused by 2019-nCoV as strain severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)

SEIR Model structure;
S is the number of people at risk of being infected. (Susceptible)
E is the number of infected populations in the incubation period (Exposed).
I is the number of infectious agents that can be transmitted (Infectious).
R is the number of groups that have recovered from infection. and there is no chance of recurrence including being unable to infect others (Recovered)
N is the total system population.
𝑁(𝑡) = 𝑆(𝑡) + 𝐸(𝑡) + 𝐼(𝑡) + 𝑅(𝑡)

Parameter;
Beta is transmission rate
Gamma is Recovery rate
Sigma is Incubation period

R Codes;

library(deSolve)

SEIR.dyn <- function(t,var,par) {
S <- var[1]
E <- var[2]
I <- var[3]
R <- var[4]
N <- S+E+I+R

beta <- par[1]
gamma <- par[2]
sigma <- par[3]

#Differential equations
dSdt <- -beta*S*I/N
dEdt <- beta*S*I/N – sigma*E
dIdt <- sigma*E – gamma*I
dRdt <- gamma*I

list(c(dSdt, dEdt, dIdt, dRdt))
}

beta <- 14.866/7
gamma <- 1/10
sigma <- 1/14
#14 days quarantine

SEIR.par <- c(beta,gamma,sigma)
SEIR.init <- c(1000,500,100,0)
SEIR.t <- seq(0,60,by=1)

SEIR.sol <- lsoda(SEIR.init, SEIR.dyn, SEIR.par, SEIR.t)

TIME <- SIR.sol[,1]
S <- SEIR.sol[,2]
E <- SEIR.sol[,3]
I <- SEIR.sol[,4]
R <- SEIR.sol[,5]
N <- S + E + I + R

plot(0,main=”COVID-19 SEIR Simulation”, xlab=”Time”, ylab=”Number of population”, col=”Blue”, xlim = c(0,60), ylim=c(0,1000))

lines(SEIR.sol[,2],type=”l”, col=”Blue”)
lines(SEIR.sol[,3],type=”l”, col=”Red”)
lines(SEIR.sol[,4],type=”l”, col=”Green”)
lines(SEIR.sol[,5],type=”l”, col=”Yellow”)

legend(locator(1),legend=c(Susceptible,Exposed,Infectious,Recovery),col=c(‘Blue’,’Red’,’Green’,’Yellow’),lty=rep(1,4))

[Naphat]

Topic; Estimating asymptomatic and undetected infections of COVID-19 in Thailand

Rational; The outbreak of epidermic of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has led to more than 1.3 million total reported infections cases and about 13k deaths in Thailand. The increasing number of cases affects the public health resources of Thailand is insufficient due to many factors such as difficult access to COVID testing, expensive testing costs and etc. Another important factor in the epidemic is that asymptomatic and undetected individuals keep the epidemic and the rate of infection increasing.

Research question; Will this model be able to estimate the number of asymptomatic and undetectable cases and predict the number of future cases in order to reduce the impact of resource shortages on Thai public health?

[Naphat]

Thank you for your presentation for this technology is very useful in many situations.
If talking about the limiting factors or barriers in the adoption of this technology, it would be a matter as follow
1. The cost of using technology
2. People’s non-cooperation
3. Security and privacy of personal data
4. Related Acts

And for this technology can be applied to the epidemic. Emerging disease, emerging disease (As K.Krisada’s comment) and need to reduce exposure or have to less contact, it will be a great tools that will help prevent the outbreak.

[Naphat]

I had no experience with the AMR surveillance system before. Based on listening to your seminar, I think that in developing a better surveillance system, all of 3 essential features that can improve i-AMRSS surveillance performance are equally.

[Naphat]

I think it’s a great idea that if we can integrate a human-animal surveillance system together in One Health System, it can help to shorten the time and prevent accidents. anyway, there are many differences factors between human and animal disease surveillance, including numbers, population groups, targets, stakeholders in the system, and interoperability.

[Naphat]

Thank you for presenting this topic which is very new to me and I have never heard of it.So I’m not sure if my perception is correct.

Blockchain technology to be used in our public health is quite difficult and probably not soon due to many factors to consider, such as the budget for technology procurement, training for stakeholders, but if there is a chance to switch to this technology, I think it would be much better for our health care system to be able to develop new technologies to be used.

[Naphat]

Thank you for your presentation about EWARS.

As everyone said EWARS was succesfully implemented by itself. Its easy and ready to use in one box.
For my concern about EWARS are the interoperability of stakeholders and work-load of staffs.

[Naphat]

Thank you for your presentation about EWARS.
As everyone said EWARS was succesfully implemented by itself. Its easy and ready to use in one box.
For my concern about EWARS are the interoperability of stakeholders and work-load of staffs.

[Naphat]

https://tinyurl.com/er2ak9bf

Hear is my Final dashboard of COVID-19.
please feel free to review and comments, Thanks.

[Naphat]

This is my dashboard https://tinyurl.com/33zawnzv

I have created and add more dataset for my dashboard and try to make many various type of chart and graphs.

[Naphat]

This is my report PowerBI of Week 2 assignment.

https://tinyurl.com/xnfzjca2

My dashbord is not complete and cleary data but I will try to improve it krab.

[Naphat]

Link ; https://covid19.workpointnews.com/
I usually watch this dashboard for update about COVID-19 in Thailand and others countries around the world.
I like this dashboard because
– Easily to understand by Thai language
– Data accuracy and updated!
– Show the vaccinated no. and percentage in Thailand.

and I don’t like in
– Some topic was not up to date (Information about COVID-19 infected case) maybe by privacy.
– No option to change languages.

[Naphat]

In this week I have learnt about personal data protection regulation (PDPA) Or the Personal Information Act. Personal information is any information that makes it possible to directly or indirectly identify that person, but if these data without preventive measures It is possible for this information to be leaked and when it is leaked. The Privacy of the data owner will be violated
GDPA or General Data Protection Regulation is the regulation of Data protection in EU. This regulation is protecting a wide range of personal information, such as individual names and national identity codes. In addition, the law protects information that a person’s activities. That can be done online and offline Including location information (Location), IP addresses, cookies and other information. At various companies to monitor user behavior when accessing the Internet.
As per case study discussion, I have summarized as follow;
For case study #1 They should change SOPs for protect personal information, use an E-information system to help storage.
Case study #2 They should specifically destroy document to deidentified personal data
And case study #3 The government should update security system, SOPs and limited access level

[Naphat]

I have learnt about research integrity especially in plagiarism, self-plagiarism and double publication as discuss on webinar. These courses are a new thing for me. Because I have no experiences about research too much and no any publications. I have some wrap-up as follow;

1.Is this called plagiarism?
In my opinion. This is not plagiarism, because this is Dr.A and team’s work. But self-plagiarism is the good topic to discuss about this situation because sometimes we are not follow the theory or rule of research.

2.Is it OK for Dr. A and team to publish the same results and methodology in another journal (double publication)? Why?
Yes, this is ok for Dr.A and team to double publication because different language and reader groups but Dr.A and team must to declare about this to Editors of both journals.

3.Are there any situations where double publication is acceptable?
– Editors of both journals know and accept the double publication
– Publication interval at least 1 week
– Clearly indicate the secondary publication
– Intended for a different group of readers and different language
– Reflect the data and interpretation of the primary version
– Provide footnote on the title page indicated the secondary version
– Permission for such secondary publication should be free of charge
– When there are new methods to analyse and give newer perspective
– New knowledge with high impact to global
– Clearly indicate the secondary publication

4.In your opinion, what is/are the main characteristics/roles of first author and/or corresponding author?
The First author is the person whose is the first name in the research. Responsible for conducting research and write that manuscript by yourself.
Corresponding author is the person who responsible of review the original thesis. Provide advice and coordinate with all parts of the original research article submission for publication. This includes any correspondence related to this work that may occur in the future. Corresponding Author is usually not a student, but will be a teacher or advisor, research director, program director etc.
This does not mean Corresponding Author is more important than First Author because it performs different functions.

And the topic in “Who’s could be the authors in publication” is the great topic to discuss the most. Because now a day we just follow the cultural but not follow the theory of research. And I think the limitation no. of authors in publication is great for help researcher to decide.

[Naphat]

This week I have learn about AI and ethics in health.
I think this technology will help both of Physician andRadiological Technologist less work load for screening chest X-ray films on the COVID-19 epidemic situation.
As we discussion about this topic
the benefit of AI are Less workloads, fast diagnostic and report and more accuracy
and risk/concern are misdiagnosis, bias of database, unemployed and data privacy

[Naphat]

This week I have learn about AI and ethics in health.
I think this technology will help both of Physician andRadiological Technologist less work load for screening chest X-ray films on the COVID-19 epidemic situation.
As we discussion about this topic
the benefit of AI are Less workloads, fast diagnostic and report and more accuracy
and risk/concern are misdiagnosis, bias of database, unemployed and data privacy

[Naphat]

I have learning about Telemedicine and Ethic issue in Telehealth. Telemedicine has many benefits to help Medical staffs (Physicians, Pharmacist or etc.), Patients and System administrators to communicate and develop the system.
The benefits of this kind of telemedicine as follow
– Easy to access to Medical specialist, available for all users,
– Save the time for waiting doctor appointments.
– Save the money for travel costs, especially patients who are far away from the hospital.
– Reduce the number of people coming to the hospital.
– Reduce crowded of patients in hospital.
– Social Distancing of COVID-19 Epidemic situation.
– Reduce transmission diseases.
– Privacy of patients (For special diseases; HIV or sexual transmission diseases)

Telehealth might be risks/concerns as follow;
– Misdiagnosis, not enough physical examination and wrong prescription.
– Confidentiality’s
– Reimbursement; Make sure this program included in the insurance policy.
– Data privacy; both of physicians and patients
– System is stable and security

And as per case study, I think Telemedicine is suitable for the diagnosis of non-serious diseases or non-specific diagnostic tests. May be used to monitor or follow-up after treatment results or inquiring about various health problems or prescription.

[Naphat]

I appreciated and thankfulness of your creatived, designed and completed CRF.
For my opinion,
– I like your designed by using colour and this CRF still official.
– Your CRF have cleary group of information, however It could be better if “Demograpic” is a first group of information then “ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA” krab.
– For ⬜️ of Date and time, Could it be bigger?, because I concern about data accuracy and error when staffs was record and entry data on this CRF.
– For alignment and pattern of word in each column should re-align for easily and clear when record.
– I think you have missing in Enrollment group of vaccination.

Thank you krab.

[Naphat]

For my opinion I think I should improve this CRF as follow;
1. The site no. could be have 2 digits
2. Date of visit; It could also be specified as DD/MM/YYYY (01-12 for month) or DD/MMM/YYY (Ex. Jan, Feb,)
3. Date of birth or Age; I think just age is fine for this CRF (Include or Exclude criteria if matter)
4. Race; should be 2 check boxes ( Thai and Others)
5. Pregnancy test; insert remark (*only female) or use other check box (not done) by K.Pongsakorn’s comments

[Naphat]

For me, I think having a data standard for clinical research is good for helping communicated within and out organization. Easy and efficient exchange of data for clinical research or use of data in another medical research project in the future. In order to have a good standard of data for clinical research, it requires brainstorming in each organization in order to have better communication and understanding or interoperability with each other in the organization, which may adhere to international standards and be adapted for each organization.

[Naphat]

I have experienced to ensure data quality and integrity by logbook as follow;

1. Audit trail/Timestamp
– The log in and lock out time of the program and the activities or modified in the database are recorded
2. User authentication and access control level
– Change password every 6 months
– Claasified of the level of access to the data of the workers (data entry level, supervosory review level and admin level).
3. Edit check and logical check
– Date and time; Some projects is not definite and clear of format in Date and time (DD/MM/YYYY or 12 hr or 24hr format)
-Supervisory review in Specimen no. and subject no. are matching.
4. Data backup and recovery plan (not current jobs)
– Weekly back up on server
– Back up on hard disk monthly

[Naphat]

I have had experience collecting and entering data in log book and review the data from entering data by other persons but I have no any experiences analyzed the data or used it in other fields.
My experience about data management is very poor and most of things I have learned in this class I never knew before. It’s a whole new my knowledge.

[Naphat]

From my work experience, data will be collected for research in field of virology such as influenza, dengue, chikungunya fever, zika virus and coronavirus.

1.Purpose of data collection: For research, for public health surveillance, or others

– For both of research, public health surveillance and other by each project required.

2. Was it primary or secondary data collection?

– We collected both of primary and secondary data for research but for my responsibility the primary data must be blind for laboratory testing.

3. Methods used for data collection

– Paper based; many projects use this method for collecting data. (consent form and health information record)
– Set subject ID and blind information of subject for privacy and integrity of data.
– Use Log book for entry and back up in data base

4. Were there any problems that occurred regarding data collection?

– Redundant work of data collection, verifying information and paperwork is waste time and workload.

[Naphat]

I think the main problem for information health professionals is that they are insufficient.
In our country, there are a lot of information workers that produce it to support the IT and IT workfource ,but one thing of the point is that they don’t understand much about medicine and health too much. Like in my office, our IT department has graduated in Computer, IT and Information Technology, but there are not graduates in this field. They can work without any problems, just that they do not understand medical information, Medical terminology, results from various laboratories and many others things related to the field of medicine.The other is bioinformatist, but they are more likely to work with molecular and data analysis laboratories. It was therefore seen that the importance of information health professionals is very necessary to help fill the problem of human resource shortage in this particular area.

[Naphat]

I think sharing that information is a good thing and it does more than harm. At present, there is a lot of information shared for compared, analyzed and diagnosed. However, if I am in charge of a data set from my country. I have to consider any factors before I share this information, such as:

– Policy and regulations for sharing information in the country: This is important before data is shared and those regulations should be followed (Privacy/Data Protection Law (Generic))

– Privacy and security of data and owner: Before sharing, the information sharing agreement that the informant has signed on the document must be reviewed.

– The Completeness and Reliability of the information before shared is accurate: Have reliable and accessible references.

[Naphat]

I agree with this article because US medical expenses are extremely high compared to other countries, but the quality they are treated with is not different from other countries.

It is not surprise that the private hospital in Thailand has many foreigners come to perform surgical treatment, especially serious diseases with high medical expenses in their country, but they are cheap in our country.
I have a foreign friend whom often comes to Thailand to do dentistry. He told me that he can travel in Thailand and do dentistry together, but if in his country he can only do dentistry or pay more in some cases.

Thailand has a good health insurance system and covers all citizens. Being treated for treatment is equal. The quality of medical care in our country is not inferior to other countries, including medical technology and avaibility.

[Naphat]

I agree with this article, I think this is a great project to make people able to access the internet. Knowledge, national news or news around the world and many other information that they have access to. However, there are many problems that they overlook and rarely talk about. For example

1. Connection problems; The villagers found the problem that they could not connect to the internet and the weak internet signal could not access the basic website.

2. Problem of Wi-Fi signal location; Found that most people do not want to leave their homes to surf the Internet for free. Or setting the signal at a distance from the signal tower makes the internet quality not as good as it should be.

3. The problem of monopoly with the same business owners has resulted in the poor service as we all know.

I would like this project to co-orperate with the big internet service providers of our country because they have installed signal towers to cover all areas of Thailand, or change from installation at each village level to every household to having the internet. Going back about 5 years ago, I read in the news that there are many countries where governments have installed internet services for every home. I think it is a very good thing to give their people instantaneous information

[Naphat]

Thank you for your reccomended. I do have some research and see many parametors and interventions for COVID-19 Model. As you said, the real world problems are a lot more complex than the maths world! Thank you krab 🙂

[Naphat]

Thank you for your comment and I agree with you in term of ” This is the first steps and a part of the bigger picture that the machine learning field would help us fight against the pandemic”

and stay safe krab Matt. 🙂

[Naphat]

I agree with K.Sittidech that you have many skill of POWER BI and creative of dashboard.
Its easy and clear to know all information that you want to show. because of you use graph or chart that suitable for each dataset. Thanks!

[Naphat]

I like the simple of your dashboard, however it can show all the important COVID-19 information to your dashboard viewers.

[Naphat]

This is a nice dashboard and I like the tone of colour that easily to see and clear chart.
and for the words in line graph is quite hard to read, maybe you should to change them by brighter color.

[Naphat]

Thank you for your reccomended.
For date of birth, I think we have blind personal information by using subject ID
and I just want to make sure in age of the enrollment cases are more than 18 years old on the date of enrollment krab.

[Naphat]

I agree with you in “informatics workforce in Thailand still open for everybody” because nowaday we have many ways to learn about IT and infomation technology that everyone can learn about it.

[Naphat]

I agree with you krab because in my office have no one dealing between IT and Medical science krab

[Naphat]

Thank you for sharing VDO and great describe this topic krab

[Naphat]

Thank you for explaining how I understand EMR in work on tuberculosis, where I worked in the short term before, but I had no idea what it was about EMR until I read yours. Thank you krab

[Naphat]

Thank you for guiding me krab Professor. After reading the comments of everyone and found that Some of the work I’ve done are part of EMR. Even without doing the fullest, but it gave me enough to understand EMR krab

[Naphat]

I agree with you K.Pongsakorn, this is the challenges of Thailand 4.0 and we need to co-operate with Big -internet providers for solves this issues

[Naphat]

I agree with you and in fact the speed of internet is not as good as should to be.

[Author]

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