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My experience of data collection
– I have collected data for research purposes and for services development in the clinic. My research was about an association between electronic health literacy and health status. For services development, I have established counseling clinics for patients with lifestyle-related problems and need individual counseling.Primary or secondary data?
– Both are primary collections. I have planned for data collection before beginning both projects.Methods used for data collection
– For the research, I use a paper-based questionnaire with the self-administered method.– For the clinic, I use an electronic data capture, which I use REDCap EDC System provided by the hospital. The data were input by the interviewers, which are nurses responsible for the clinic.
Problems occurred regarding data collection
– For the research, the questionnaires were topic-specific and sometimes need research assistants to help with some items, eg. the eHealth Literacy Scale which needs some clarification.– For the clinic, there are many aspects of lifestyle-related problems that needed to be collected as a baseline in the first visit which then increases the items of the questionnaires. Many items need the participant to recall the event or frequency, eg. alcohol drinking pattern, smoking habit, eating habits. Some measurements need to be categorized in order to simplify the question, eg. stage of change of each lifestyle modification which each nurse needs to be trained to categorize the patient to each stage for each problem.
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Thank you for sharing your data collection experience. I also have the problem from the questionnaire design. It make me realize the importance of questionnaire design that affect to data quality. And thank you suggestion from Dr.Saranath. I agree with you that testing and training before implementation would be helpful to decrease the problem.
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Hello, I am Paravee from Translational Medicine Program. It is my first time doing a topic discussion here, so please tell me if I do anything wrong. I have never experienced collecting clinical data myself, but I analyzed existing data in my project. Maybe I can talk about them instead?
1. In the primary project, the clinical and genotype data were collected for research purposes. My project is to study the carrier frequency of a rare disease, so I mainly work with the genotype data.
2.For me, it was a secondary data collection because the datasets have already been collected in the previous project.
3.In the primary project, the data were collected using several methods, such as medical records, laboratory records, and self-administered paper-based questionnaires.
4.The project included many participants whose data were collected during several visits, so there are some inconsistencies in keywords/codes used across the datasets, making it complicated to combine and analyze data. Also, several steps relied on manual data entry, which increases the chance of errors in the database.
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Thanks! There is no formal format for topic discussion- basically this is space for everyone to share their thought and experience.
Working on secondary data is sometimes more difficult than using primary data that you can carefully design the data that you would like to have. Problems that you found in your research would even more emphasize the important of data management process-when collecting primary data for future use either by yourself or by others.
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As I have worked in a research clinic setting that involved many data collection procedures. I would like to share some comments on the forum.
1. For a purpose of the data, we collected data for clinical trials such as drug investigation or disease surveillance.
2. We collected both primary and secondary data because it was required by Study Specific Protocol. Some secondary data may be received from external parties as participants have visited another hospital and we need to record in an adverse event form.
3. Our clinic used Electronic Data Capture that connected to the internet. The researcher can record all data into the browser. However, some data still need paper-based such as informed consent, laboratory report.
4. We have experienced some issues in the system such as internet network downtime result in workflow deterioration.
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1. I once assisted my senior in her PhD research project in the data collection process. The project is about child nutrition, and it was field-based study.
2. There were 3 phases of data collection in the project: 1st is qualitative study to validate survey questions to be used in the last phase, followed by anthropometric measurements of children which is quantitative data. The last step involved both quantitative and qualitative data by interviewing parents’ of the children. So, all the data collected in all 3 steps are primary data.
3. Data were collected in papers and interviewer-administered. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed later.
4. During focus group discussions, both note taking and audio recording were done, but there was some confusion on who said the certain sentence, and blurred sentences while transcribing. And also, there were some minor misinterpretation of interviewer’s questions. Apart from those, it was a smooth process.
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Thank you for sharing your experience. I am curious to know that Do you/your project have any process/ program to check or monitor the integrity and accuracy of the data?
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Thank you for sharing. Your project about child nutrition is very interesting. From your experience, are there any problems or difficulties collecting data related to being a field-based study?
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Thank you for your interest and question. Yes, there were difficulties since it was field-based. One of them was that we had criteria on which person to include in the group discussion, and we already informed to local authorities in the villages about the criteria. However, the authorities had minor misunderstandings in it, and when we arrived, some of the people already in the group gathered by authorities for discussion had variations from the criteria.
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May I share my experience about data collection. I have experiences in the Clinical research field (Malaria, Influenza, HIV, TB) as medical research technologist. So, in this role, my responsibility was to collect the specimen, perform the testing, record the testing result and preparing the result reports to principal project investigator.
– The purposes of data collection were for the research and the health surveillance.
– Data that collect in the project was the primary collection that collected from the participant/subject. Methods used for data collection.
– The methods that used to collect the data were:
1. Interview
2. Survey
3. Observation
4. Laboratory testing result’s record and report (per above described)
5. Document and record– The projects that I had been involved were conduct with the well-plan and good data collection design. The Quality system had been implemented during performing the project. Training and data monitoring system also be conducted. However, some minor issues could be occurred during data collection process for examples; recording error/missing, labeling error and typo during data entry.
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Thank you for sharing! There are so many methods that you used to collect data for your project. Just wondering how all data from different methods and instruments can be put together. It could be a good example of a comprehensive data analysis!
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1. I am involved in the evaluation procedure called “3-3-1” which is Aedes strategy control in Thailand. This is one of the R2R in my division. I take responsibility for question-related to vector prevention and control.
2. This project collected primary data from the organization which is responsible for Aedes control in the area.
3. The paper-based questionnaires were used as the tool for the data collection process. It included both closed-end and open-end questions.
4. There are certain problems include:
– Methodology: In this case, due to the limited of interviewers and time, the result cannot representative of the whole country but may use in the same environmental areas.
– interviewer bias: some interviewers are not welled-train before the interview so they couldn’t understand some questions and it leads to missing or inaccurate data.
– Handwriting: due to the paper-based questionnaires, the unclear interviewer handwriting leads to misunderstanding the content.
– Data workload: time-consuming on the data entry and data cleaning process to analytic.-
Thank you for sharing your experience.
Per problems you have shared, what process/ method should be used to solve the problems? e.g., – Training; GCP, data collection?
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As I mentioned about the limited interviewer and time, we train the interviewer in specific questions but we don’t train the technique for an interview to gather the information. Moreover, next time, we are trying to use google forms in the data collection which is design to collect the data appropriately and easy to manipulate. Peer review and expert reviewing proceed were add to data collection to monitor an error before data entering.
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Great! You got lots of lessons learned from the project. I’m sure that your future project would be able to collect qualitied data with less workload.
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1. For the data, we collected data to support the information for prevention, treatment, and disease surveillance for health workers.
2. It is secondary data collection.
3. Used electronic data from 43 files data export from hospitals and health-promoting hospitals.
4. Problems with the timeliness of the transmission and the integrity of the information. -
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Since October, 2020 to early of this month, I had opportunity to participate in the improve surveillance plan for Avian Influenza (AI) project. My responsibility was collection data to summary production cycle of poultry in Thailand. It consisted of five sub-population of poultry that I have to collect the data including free-grazing duck, backyard poultry, layer chicken, meat-type duck, and broiler chicken.
It used combination of primary and secondary data collection. Because of time limitation, first priority was secondary data collection from old reliable database such as the permission record of poultry transportation. For additional data, the team designed the questionnaires to collect data from target farmers.
The questionnaires on Google form were used as electronic data capture. The questionnaire was distributed through the Department of Livestock Development system to local veterinary officers who then interviewed the households having target poultry.
I found the data quality problem from questionnaires data collection. The dataset had missing data, illogical data, out of range data, and inconsistency data. Probable causes of this problem are inappropriate questionnaire design, unclear question, lack of training for interviewers, lack of communicate between data management team who design the questionnaire and interviewers.
Because the existing databases were not designed for specific purpose of the study, it usually incomplete variable data in one database and essential to merge more than one existing database. The problems is about the different format in each database. Validity data check and data manipulation are necessary for maintain the quality.
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Thank you for sharing! Google form is a popular platform for collecting data these days, probably because it is easy to create and use. Collecting data from the form seems to be a very tough work though, so we really have to design the questionnaire well. Also, I totally agree that using an existing database can be really difficult. The data we want to use might be invalid or missing, and we can’t really do anything about it.
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I do have experience on data collection for research proposes. I have been involved a implementation research of a community-based mental health practice. We used mix-method research design to explore both implementation and effectiveness outcomes. We decided to collect primary data both qualitative and quantitative method. For qualitative data, we used focus groups to collect data and we used closed-questionnaires to survey for quantitative data. There were many challenges during data collection process as the following;
– Data collector training which we have to ensure that all collectors have enough knowledge and skills before collecting data.
– Instruments- there are so many process to test and ensure quality of your instruments especially, a questionnaire.
– Data missing-
Qualitative data collection methods require well-experienced interviewers and moderators to acquire data from participants. The questionnaire design is also a heart of the questionnaire survey that it must be tested before use. Most of the time, even the questionnaire was well tested, there are still many problems occurred during the implementation.
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From my work experience, data will be collected for research in field of virology such as influenza, dengue, chikungunya fever, zika virus and coronavirus.
1.Purpose of data collection: For research, for public health surveillance, or others
– For both of research, public health surveillance and other by each project required.
2. Was it primary or secondary data collection?
– We collected both of primary and secondary data for research but for my responsibility the primary data must be blind for laboratory testing.
3. Methods used for data collection
– Paper based; many projects use this method for collecting data. (consent form and health information record)
– Set subject ID and blind information of subject for privacy and integrity of data.
– Use Log book for entry and back up in data base4. Were there any problems that occurred regarding data collection?
– Redundant work of data collection, verifying information and paperwork is waste time and workload.
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From my work experience as family medicine residency
1. Purpose of data collection: For improve tele-palliative care service.
2. it was primary data collection.
3. Interviewer-administered
4. At first, I let nursing assistant to recruit patient and record log book but I found out later that she didn’t have time to record log book. So I decided to assist her for couple months to solve some problems.Since It is my first research, I’m pleased to hear your suggestions.
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I would like to share the public health surveillance evaluation. According to the objective, we would like to measure quantitative (sensitivity, PPV, timeliness, validity) as well as qualitative data like acceptance of the healthcare personnel and simplicity of the system in performer view. Either primary data from interviewing healthcare personnel or secondary data such as EMR (which transformed into CRF) were collected. The problems were classified depend on data collection and source. For EMR data, we encounter uncompleted, invalid data that could be interfere the main result. We also experienced unclear, difficult to understand question during interviewed, due to the limited of time, we were not testing the questionnaire as well.
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