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Case-Fatality rate
1. Definition
case-fatality rate refer to rate of death in patient who diagnosed with specific disease when considered in overall patient of the disease in a single point of time at study.
2. How to calculate
we can calculate case-fatality rate by number of patient who died due to the disease dived by overall number of patient who diagnosed the disease in single point at a study x 100
3. What are the main usefulness of each vital statistic?
The main useful of case-fatality rate is severity indicator of the disease. It’s mean, if the disease A have a 100% of case-fatality rate, it mean all of patients who diagnosed A all died due to disease A. In addition, case-fatality rate also partially demonstrated the quality of public health service for treatment of the disease. -
As a general practitioner, which provide medical service to all of COVID-19 patients from asymptomatic to severe COVID-19 pneumonia in Narathiwat province,Thailand. The beneficence and autonomy ethical principle should be implement in current work as a physician who select the most suitable treatment for each patient with autonomy of them. Not only treatment, but also prevention is the good practice in disease control. For example, seek the asymptomatic infected patient in community to prevent an outbreak in local area simultaneously with treatment of infected patients
Taksin U.
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As Thai’s classmate statement. Thailand’s universal health coverage is a public welfare on medical service with patient will involve in payment process (co-payment policy) to get the standardized-low price medical service. These health system provide equity on medical service accessment from different level of people. However, these is one of public policy from the government and politician, if transformation is occur, the public health policy on UHC will changed according to the government. These process results to discontinue of medical care and related health projects. In addition, Thailand’s UHC spent a lot of money due to few payment from the patient. Therefore, budget management should be carefully considered and monitoring.
Taksin U.
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As Thai’s classmate statement. Thailand’s universal health coverage is a public welfare on medical service with patient will involve in payment process (co-payment policy) to get the standardized-low price medical service. These health system provide equity on medical service accessment from different level of people. However, these is one of public policy from the government and politician, if transformation is occur, the public health policy on UHC will changed according to the government. These process results to discontinue of medical care and related health projects. In addition, Thailand’s UHC spent a lot of money due to few payment from the patient. Therefore, budget management should be carefully considered.
Taksin U.
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For me, I really agree with all classmates’s opinions. Even though institutes develop the health informaticians. Thailand’s situation in health informatics workforce are still lacking. Theses may be a result from increasing of demand on health informatics in health care organization as well as health information’s focus of the organization executives. However, Thailand government is not fully support health informatics workforce on career progression of their works, resulting in migrating of health informaticians into other related public health position. These phenomenon may demonstrated relatively decline of health informatics workforce in Thailand.
Taksin U.
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Actually share the healthcare data for a reason as following described. The data sharing reduce data redundancy in the system by sharing the important information from one to one or more organizations who need to utilize data under patient’s confidentially . However, data sharing should be under the control form authorized organization for privacy purpose and the laws.
Taksin U.
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As a general practitioner, the electronic medical record (EMR) play a crucial role in the real practice. Firstly, the system helps the user to systematically access to patient’s information such as today’s visit data, past history, surgical procedure and also the previous imaging which need for the present diagnosis and further. management. Secondly, EMR is better than traditional paper-based system in less spent of time of searching the information of patient. According to less spent time, thirdly, the EMR no need the human for searching the patient profile in paper. In the other hand, EMR is the modern technology that implementation in the healthcare system. So, EMR need time to learn by the older health officer. In the addition, the EMR required the technician for solving the problem which paper-base medical record system not required.
Taksin U.
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The challenging issues in the big data are variety. One of these is the missing data which result from non-systematically selection both from collectors and informants. Therefore, the agreement on the data recieving should be performed before data collection process simultaneously with the designed data collection system which construct the required data. Another interesting issue in big data is data analytic and selection bias which researcher should be trained before the process as well as the participation/collaboration of the data specialist.
Taksin U.
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I really agree with the four recommend points to fight the corruption in health system. According to the nature of the corruption, it’s a complex issues which need multi-disciplinary responses. Therefore, the corruption resolution in the system should be under the agreement of all stakeholder in health systems such as policy maker, executive, workers and healthcare professionals.
However, the implementation of corruption resolution seen to be difficult, if lacking of alertness on the issue. So, cultivating of alertness and attention on the problems should be done in all levels of the healthcare workers. In addition, the participation of people and non-government organization representative on health organization audit committee should be performed, for effective verification process.
Taksin U.
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1. The medical and public health resorce management is the good example of Thailand’s health system improvement. In the past, we use the paper-based management system which spend a lot of time, money and personal for proper administration. In the present, Ministry of Public Health use information technology and public health informatics as the tool for organize the resource management system. There are many benefits on administration purpose such as easy to access, import/export the information, and interpretation demand and supply of biomedical institute , which can predict and make the proper public health policy in the future.
2. For the possible barriers of the system improvement process are
-initial investment in technology setup but for the long term benefit, it’s good cost-effectiveness one.
-personal in the improvement process which required experienced condition in the biomedical and related technological field.
-executive vision on the technology which drive the development process to the goals.Taksin U.
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For interoperability among the public health organizations, enterprise architecture play major roles in order to integrate and standardize the public health operation for ensuring the alignment between operational system and information technology. To design an enterprise architecture of a health information system, many roles of the organization should be involved, such as the following
1. The executives of the public health organization and policy maker: The key concepts of enterprise architecture is vision and systematic planning which executives play major role to lead organization in a proper direction. Not only the vision, but also strategic planning which should according to the operation.
2. Healthcare profession and operational-level officer: Although executive vision is the leading the organization, but in other hand, operational-level officer should be involved in enterprise architecture design because of directly encounter with the real situation and other practical issues.
3. IT profession: Information technology personnel play roles in planning/creating and maintenance the organization system and be important key person in enterprise architecture.
4. Data scientist: Along the information technology, data base is crucial tool for pooling amount of data. Proper management, analysis and data interpretation will affected to organization operation and decision making of the executives.
Taksin U.
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As known that health informatic is multidiscipline approach, the several knowledge and skills are need to be core competences for the informatician. According to my background as a general practitioner, there are many skills that I would like to achieve for improving the profession in public health as briefly described bellowing
1. Interpersonal skill : For my opinion, it’s a most important skill that all physicians and informaticians need because we worked as a bridge between many core domains like clinical medicine, information technology and public health. it’s including communication, human resource management, conflicts solution and teamwork skills.
2. Critical justification: One of the challenging issue in public health informatic is heterogeneity of data that received from various sources, and not mean that all of data are useful for clinical practice. So, critical justification or critical thinking play major role in order to classify the useful data (to be information) from the pool of big data.
3. Data presentation skill: Although useful data or information are established, but if the informatician is poor data presentation technique, will directly effected to clinical decision making. Not only presentation skill that concerned, but also data/information selection skill which informatician should be think that the information is important or affect to clinical practice (need to present?)
4. Computer science ,data security and confidentiality : It’s one of important knowledge that all informatician should practice because we play role as the big data manager who collect/analyze/manage the data that directly effect to patient confidential and also public health level.
Taksin U.
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For my opinion, I would like to transform hospital service system to cloud computing because it’s save the cost of the operation, decrease processing time and human errors in some point. As well as, these system will make operator access the data easier than conventional system. However, these idea is based on high confidentiality cloud computing system due to data security and privacy aspect.
Taksin U.
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For healthcare system, internet of Thing and big data were implemented in the system for integrated several type and amount of data with come from many of data sources such as patient, physician, hospital, public health agenda and the government. It’s make importance role in data collection and analyzing which promote health system operation. For the reason, most importance that we should concern of IoT and Big data is data security which should develop simultaneously.
Taksin U.
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Several years ago, my laptop was infected from computer virus. More than hundreds important files were disappeared, encrypted as well as my computer system seem worked slowly than the prior. This event suspected from infected USB which connected from the infected university computer. With the help of IT specialist, the data was resumed and let me know that I need to back-up regularly and should evaluate risk of viral infection from any computer before USB drive insertion to prevent 2nd time attack.
Taksin U.
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In healthcare system, data visualization using dashboard be importance role for decision making especially in public health policy establishing. For example, during the COVID-19 pandemic, COVID-19 patient report via dashboard help the government manage the resources as well as vaccine properly. Not only the real time information, but also data trending will be demonstrated. Ideal dashboard should be attractive, comprehensive, easy to understand, up-to-date and accurate.
Taksin U.
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If I can create a mobile application, I would like to build a medical emergency application for geriatric patient which will alert to their care giver. The application will access patient cardiac rhythm using connected smart watch and analyze the emergency abnormal EKG and alert to the care giver as well as the location of event. Not only EKG, this mobile app will analyze patient motion, it will be detected patient’s falling which is a common geriatric problem. For the app, it will be made by principle of hybrid application that can access from multiple platforms which convenient for the users.
Taksin U.
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For my experience as a POSN student, I usually programming via C++ language to solve the problems and tests. And as these experience, it’s a reason why I would like to use C++ language to create applications. However, several modern high-level programming language are develop for user-friendly and applicable, such as others’ mentioned “Python”. So, I think that it’s another choice for using as a programming language, that I should learn more!
Taksin U.
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Internet technology is a valuable tool for communicate with other people around the world via using of complex network. For healthcare and medical filed, internet is the big connector system for communication between patient, health care workforec and physician. Telemedicine is a good example of internet technology implementation in healthcare network which the physician can taking medical history, physical examination by inspection, and taking a medical treatment, distantly. Althought, internet technology generate more benefits in healthcare system, but the challenging issue is data security and privacy. Privacy in health care system is the basic principle in medical treatment that we sould concern. So, if internet technology implementation for medical benefit done, we should make the security system for patient confidentialy purpose, simutaneously.
Taksin U.
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For my real-life as the general physician in the government hospital, the commom problem is the medical record system. Thailand’s medical record system, espicially in public hopspital is the unique, hand-wirtting, poor-accessible system. Firstly, handwrittin medical record can solve via using electronic doctor order’s system which is online, up-to-date, and solve the understanding problems on Doctor’s hand writting. Secondly, interhospital medical record connection is important for flowing of medical data and continuty of medical care. In conclusion, Electronic doctor order’s system is the good representation of information technology implemention in the real life.
Taksin U.
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To collect the blood pressure data from people in the specific area to MOPH database is complex networking platform. It’s mean not only use the specific type of network but also to integrate or mixed use of several types of network for the accurate and good efficacy of networking. For my opinion, PAN is the most suitable for collect these data as the following reason,
Firstly, personal area network(PAN) is the most suitable networking type for directly collect blood pressure data of people in the specific area because it connect directly from sender to recipient that mean shortly dead space between the device. However, due to it’s personal networking, small and not cover all of the numerous data from the people to MOPH database.
Secondly, LAN and MAN are the second network of choice in order to collect amount of data. Although the LAN/MAN are larger networking data than PAN, but for the purpose of collect data directly from the user, it’s quite not appropriate for the reason.
Lastly for WAN, I think that it’s useful network for collect the overview data in specific area, that can generate the valuable information of blood pressure. But for the set-up problem, using of large amount of budget and human resource for network maintenance, these make WAN is the last choice for use as the 1st type of network for collect blood pressure form specific area
Taksin U.
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For my daily life as a physician at provincial hospital in COVID-19 pandemic, I worked as the team member and user of the provincial COVID-19 vaccination system which I think that one of management information system (MIS) example. The system processes the data of vaccinated citizen in the province and generate the weekly report about it. For shortly, the input such as characteristic of vaccinated people, comorbid disease, and few of physical problems, run into statistical analysis (process) to generate the weekly official report as a percentage/graph/and the proportion of vaccinated patient in the specific area (output).
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Hi everyone, my name is Taksin Ukkahad. You can call me “Phylm” for shortly. I’m originated from Narathiwat, the southernmost province of Thailand. Now, I’m a newly graduated medical doctor and working as a general practitioner at Naradhiwas Rajanagarindra Hospital.
For my working as a physician, I realized that several types and amount of health informatic are surrounding, encountering and frequently used to analyze for medical decision making in real practice for patient’s benefit. So, if we choose proper tool for the data, the result will be valuable.
For BHI program, I expected to learn how to properly manipulate all healthcare data and use the data management skill to apply in my real practice.
Enjoy the BHI program together!
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I really agree with the data privacy and legal issue because the informatician worked among pool of patient and population health data which directly effected to many stakeholders in many parts. So, data privacy and legal issue skill should implement for data management under a legal regulation with the benefit of patient especially in confidentiality.
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