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With the six principle of CERC in mind,
PM Lee Hsien Loong followed,
1) Be first – the video is published on Feb 8th 2020, at the start of pandemic
2) Be right – he shared they are better equipped because of SARS and how they have upgraded their hospital
3) Be credible – he quoted real verified data and appeared well informed
4) Express Empathy – he empathized how a normal Singaporean may face difficulties and share he also cancel his own event
5) Promote action – he promote tangible action like hand washing to help prevent the spread of disease, and how essential sectors are preparing for the pandemic
6) Show respect – he show respect to the health workers, he showed respect to the public and he showed sincerity by sharing if the virus is more infectious they will shift strategy and will cope with the situation.
He advocated public participation by saying this is what it is mean to be a Singaporean.President Trump
1) Be first – the video is public on 12th March, which is far too late
2) Be right – he said “this is the way always was and always will be”, which is not right
3) Be credible – instead of quoting solid data, he said a bunch of random things
4) Express Empathy – instead of expressing empathy he just saying how Europe failed to take the same measure and allowed traveling from China to continue. He tried to shift focus and blame instead of showing empathy.
5) Promote action – he only activated travel ban from Europe for 30 days and shared how much money is being spent to tackle the pandemic, and he said “temporary” which is plain wrong. He only spend a very small amount of time to promote tangible action like hand washing instead highlighted his achievements and U.S. achievements
6) Show respect – Instead of showing respect he blamed China, and said he will take all necessary action to protect the life of Americans and spewed lies like U.S. is the best equipped country in the world, which gave false hope to the public.It is clear from the two video that who took the six principle of CERC guidance and who wanted to further his own agenda.
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The videos illustrate how two different countries’ leaders demonstrate their styles when announcing the COVID-19 outbreak to their own citizens. Looking at the key six principles of Crisis and Emergency Risk Communication (CERC), I observed without judgment that Singapore’s Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong had exhibited excellent communication when confronted with the duty to communicate what situation was being faced by Singaporeans during the pandemic. Conversely, although President Donald Trump could also present the pandemic crisis very well and could cool down people’s feelings with his flowery sentences, the way he elucidated seems to need improvement in the aspect of readiness as seen from the method and contents he read about.
In my observation, both leaders have proportionate similarities in expressing empathy and showing respect. However, Singapore and America’s leader show different portions in acting as the first and credible communicators to promote actions. Singaporean’s Prime Minister demonstrated a high degree of what he knows, what he did not knows, and what is being done to reconsider if the cases are widespread. He could provide scientific pieces of evidence to show his credibility and use SARS as parameters to compare the pathogen’s virulence and fatality rate. He could lead by example how he suspended event closures in order to mitigate the spread of the virus. While President Trump was strong in promising the ideal future by ensuring his country’s capacity (financial and health system) but seemed to hide what problem was actually look like in America.
All in all, I conclude that although both leaders had a very great influence on their own populations; however, look at the method and richness of content they delivered, I prefer to say that Singapore’s Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong demonstrates good communication when dealing with the public health emergency.
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Based on two VDOs of public communication between Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong and President Trump regarding Covid-19 situation, there are some issues to address according to the six principles of crisis and emergency risk communication.
For Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong:
1. Be first.
I think he did very well on this topic because one of the purpose of this communication might be to ensure their people that the situation was still under controlled after lots of people hoard goods on the day before the PM talk.
2. Be right.
The information delivered to the public was correct at that time point. He addressed about what we knew, what we did not know, and what was going to be done in the next steps. He did not promise anything whether it would be done or not in the future.
3. Be credible.
His verbal and non-verbal language was full with honesty and truthfulness. His talk based on scientific information, for example, mortality rate of influenza, SARS, and Covid-19 infection.
4. Be empathy.
He emphasized about people fear and did not blame them. He gave them support and trust that the government could be handle the situation by providing adequate food, goods, masks, etc.
5. Promote action.
The PM addressed about how the virus spread. He encouraged their people to wash their hands, not touch the eyes, self-isolation while they were infected.
6. Show respect.
He paid respect to every stakeholder including his people. He did not blame anyone.For President Trump:
1. Be first.
His announcement regarding worldwide Covid-19 situation and general measures released from the US government came on 12th March 2020, that may be too late for Covid-19 pandemics in the US.
2. Be right.
He made too committed talk on viral transmission and ongoing management that may or may not be true.
3. Be credible.
His talk was not well plan and contained lots of unnecessary information. This made his talk less credible. People would not trust him and moved to pay attention to others.
4. Express empathy.
He expressed the negative sides of European measures that failed to control the viral transmission. Besides, he over-honeyed the US measures that could ultimately control the virus.
5. Promote action.
In short duration of his talk, he promoted washing hands, staying home if they got sick, cleaning touch surface, etc. There was no information regarding what to do if they got infected with Covid-19.
6. Show respect.
He made the blame to China which was taught to be the origin of virus spreading that might not be true. In addition, this issue should not be mention in the talk during crisis.Thank you.
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From the video two leaders had completed the public emergency communication. Some of the six principles of CERC were found in the communication.
For the Singaporean leader, his communicating video released 2 weeks after the spreading of the virus in Singapore was the early noticing of the current situation and future plan (“Where we were and what lies ahead”). The facts of covid situation had been explained by comparison to SARs and Influenza which assisted the general public in understanding the situation. He explained what the government were doing and what had been prepared if the situation got worse, which was honest communication for the unknown situations (It may or may not happen but we are thinking ahead). Empathetic feeling had been mentioned when he talked about the feeling of fear and anxiety, and blaming others should be halted. Three steps of protection to treatment have been used to promote disease control. Lastly, thanks were given to volunteers, healthcare workers and all the people who had been working in this situation which had shown respect to the community.
For the American leader, His communicating video was launched around March when people might had already been informed by others from media. Mostly he talked about the policies to help control the virus and support people, such as medical support and economic. He declared some of the management which had been completed and was going to be applied, and organizations or committees were declared to establish the accuracy and credibility, such as health insurance industry and CDC. On some unknown situations, he didn’t give a promise such as the re-opening of the country, which depended on infected cases and further consideration. Empathy had been shown initially when he talked about what people had faced and the financial hardship. Promoting action was highlighted by quoting ‘Smart action today will help to prevent the virus tomorrow’. Lastly, this communication gave gigantic respect to the American society when he advocated the best of all Americanism in every aspect. Strong support for Americans could be felt from the overall communication.
I think both leaders did have good phases for their population and covered most of the six principles of CERC. The visionary and confidentially management towards covid-19 from the government has been declared in short length videos. However, some parts of the speech from American leaders which mentioned the specific name of areas, Europe and China, could have created blame and power struggles.
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After listening intently and analyzing the matter of the six principals of CREC,
PM Lee Hsien Loong,
1) Be first: the video was released two weeks after the outbreak and a day after the DORSCON was raised to orange.
2) Be right: the prime minister described information on SARS and influenza was cited. Both diseases are clearly and easily compared to the severity of COVID-19.
3) Be credible: he had excellent both verbal and non-verbal communication. Including citing scientific information that listeners can easily understand and follow. All of these promoted the credibility of speaking.
4) Express Empathy: he showed that he understood the people who hoarded food and facemasks out of fear. He did not blame the people and explained why there was no need to fear shortages of goods.
5) Promote action: He explains how to help prevent disease by washing hands, not touching their faces and eyes. For those who start to get sick, go to the doctor immediately and do not go to a crowded place.
6) Show respect: he pays homage to those who work hard to keep the country moving even in times of crisis, such as healthcare workers, business federations, public transport workers.President Trump
1) Be first: the time to communicate with the people was too late.
2) Be right: he didn’t give enough information about what was known and what was unknown.
3) Be credible: he said like the cause of the COVID-19 outbreak came from other countries, but did not clearly compare the number of outbreaks from within the country or abroad.
4) Express Empathy: he did not show understanding and empathy with the US people in both verbal and non-verbal communication.
5) Promote action: I listened to it and felt that he put a little emphasis on hand washing and self-quarantine. On the other hand, he focused on what he had done, whether he was allocating grants or banning countries.
6) Show respect: I feel like he’s trying to show the greatness of himself and his country rather than respect.-
Thank you for sharing. Your answer is very comprehensive.
I agree with what you discussed for both of them.
PM Lee did very well on very principals as you mentioned
It seems very in contrast with President Trump when we listened to both of them each by each.However, I think President Trump did give the background on actions taken by the government quite in detail. This might be the strength of his speech.
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Singapore PM
Begin with a good start, he started by telling to purpose and background comprehensively.
As PM mentioned, the press was released regularly and he has the speech after 2 weeks after the outbreak, which was considered a lit delay but still in a timely manner.
PM explained the technical part of COVID-19 in plain language using comparisons and examples to grab the audience’s attention.
PM gave the situation background in a truthful way both situations benefit and have a negative impact on the government.
PM constantly asks for action both physically and psychologically.
I feel that PM gave us the adequate background to determine whether we could trust/not trust the government.
PM address the citizen rumor and/or negative behavior in healthy ways. He chose the word “natural behavior” which seems very empathetic to me. He did not blame what some people do but encouraged to do more on good things. It’s very impressive.
In conclusion, I think he is quite a good communicator.US President
President Trump start by giving the background on what actions the government has taken so far and what the citizen could expected in next steps. He addressed the people concern by explain the important of each action needed from citizen.
He spoke fluently. However, it seems quite difficult the grab my attention. I think it could be better that he address the issue stepwise.
Compared to Singapore PM, President Trump frequently used the “I’m instructing” which did not seems show respect to other stakeholders for me.In terms of body language, I personally feel that he stick with the script too much which resulted in rigid body language and lower the power of this speech.
In terms of the 6 principles, he did not follow them well. The most important gap for improvement includes respect for others, empathy, be credibility. This gap might not solely rely on the speech itself. It relies on the feeling of the spokesperson. The speech would be most powerful if it come from their heart. I think all of us could feel it without any explicit expression.
In conclusion, I think his speech is quite good but with good body language and more preparation. This speech could be much better.
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In my opinion both, Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong and President Trump, were doing good at delivering the speech. However, they have something different in six principles of CREC, recommended by the CDC.
Be First: PM Lee was quicker in announcing the pandemic situation.
Be Right: Both provided recommendations follow the medical guidance. PM Lee emphasized on self-isolation so doctor can take care critical ill patients. President Trump mentioned on school closure, social distancing, reduce large gathering, as well as good hygiene.
Be Credible: Both of them informed what they are doing step by step clearly. Their speech somehow could enhance the public trust due to the information given.
Express Empathy: PM Lee expressed the way he understands when people get infected that can cause anxiety. He also mentioned that infected people should not be blamed. In addition, his eye contact, vocal expression, body posture, gestures, and facial display were more humble than what President Trump did. However, President Trump concerned non-medical involved which is business sector. He also announced the actions involved those effected by Coronavirus disruption.
Promote Action: In some part of their speech, both provided key messages in how to control the spread of the virus e.g. avoid nonessential and clouded area. PM Lee exemplified that he canceled his leadership party to prevent the spread of the disease.
Show Respect: Personally, I think PM Lee showed respect better than President Trump. This is because President Trump mentioned to other countries which are China and Europe that caused acceleration in number of infected in America. -
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Comparing how leaders of the two different countries react to a coronavirus outbreak and how they communicate, there may be some differences but I think they all cover the main point of the principles of CERC after all.
1. Be First
– Singapore PM announced a crisis communication about two weeks after an outbreak had occurred whereas Trump was a little bit late.2. Be Right
– They both provided accurate information with sufficient medical guidance. Singapore PM emphasised on how they actively working on the unknown issue for this matter, including regular briefings, research and so on.
While Trump mostly focused on the government action, restrictions, and too many details with less precision of what message he was actually trying to send.3. Be Credible
– Singapore PM mentioned about which steps that his team were working on and what he was going to do next. Most of the speech were evidence-based. Trump also addressed multiple government sections and actions they have committed but again — too many details and make it hard to grab the main idea and thus make he less credible.4.Express Empathy
– Singapore PM had shown his empathy along with subtle humour (when he was talking about stocking up supplies) and being respectful at the same time. He also stated on fear and anxiety, which were totally normal, yet may do more harm than the virus itself if improperly controlled. His positive facial expression and words that he used also delivered a positive emotion and inspiration. Trump also showed his empathy to his citizens at the beginning.5. Promote Action
– Singapore PM provided necessary steps including hygienes, self-monitoring. He also valued his citizens and reminded that everyone was also an essential part of successful outbreak control. Trump also promoted disease prevention as well. The only difference was that Trump looked far more serious and bold.6. Show respect
– Singapore PM and Trump acknowledged their teams and citizens. One thing that I believe is that Trump has blamed other countries, especially China for the outbreak. -
After watching the two leaders’ full speeches of global outbreak, Singapore PM Lee Hsien Loong and President Trump of United states obviously had different style of public communication.However, when considering six principles of crisis and emergency risk communication (CERC), recommended by CDC, there are both similar and different points.
1.Be first
-Based on the date posted, Singapore PM had communicated and shared information just a few weeks after the outbreak, which was quite quick, and effectively correct the rumors of lockdown in timely manner.
-President Trump speech seems to be established after the disease widely spread, at the time that they decided to use a fully travel restriction.
2.Be right
-Singapore PM speech gives more details of disease burden, while President Trump speech is more focused on management policy, what is being done. However, they both provided the right information what is known, what is recommended.
3.Be credible
-Singapore PM speech showed honesty, timeliness and scientific evidences that could encourage public trust.
-Meanwhile President Trump speech sounds over-claimed and contained more uncertain promising issues at that time such as vaccine, the economic stability.
4.Express empathy
-This principle is the most obviously different between the two leaders. Both speeches are scripted, however, Singapore PM speech shows sincerity, empathy, and acknowledge what people are feeling, clarify what people are concerned.
5.Promote action
-Both provide the key messages to promote action in a simple, short and easy way. But I believe people will engage more by the way that Singapore PM conveys the messages, the tone and dynamic. Both didn’t mention the information resources in other language or for those limited conditions such as disabilities.
6.Show respect
-This principle is the other one that quite contrast between two speeches. Singapore PM communicates in the respectful way to the audiences, while President Trump speech shows grandiose claims and disrespectful. -
By listening to the two leaders, Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong and President Trump we can notice a difference in applying CERC principles recommended by CDC.
1. Be First: President Trump was late in announcing the outbreak after the situation got worsened. Singapore PM announced the COVID-19 situation after two weeks of the event.
2. Be Right: Both leaders share real credible information about the current situation. But, Singapore PM provided more information and compared SARS and COVID-19 preventive measures.
3. Be Credible: Both leaders gave credible scientific evidence of the disease. President Trump expressed strong confidence that the outbreak can be contained. Singapore PM was calm, had a more natural tone, and provided an informative and trustful message.
4. Express Empathy: President Trump was somehow aggressive while talking about other countries. Singapore PM expressed an empathic message to Singapore’s people
5. Promote Action: Both leaders showed the action being taken by the government and the necessary steps to overcome the pandemic.
6. Show Respect: Both leaders showed respect for the healthcare professionals President Trump has blamed other countries, especially China for the outbreak. Singapore PM expressed his respect to volunteers and healthcare workers. -
Singapore President Lee Hsien Loong:
I quite appreciate PM Lee Hsien Loong on his public speaking. He utilized all CERC principles in his speech. (Be First) Within 2 weeks of COVID-19 spreading in the country, he quickly shared the situation first. (Be Right) He explained what is known, where we are, and what we line ahead. He informed what have been prepared to be ready for the situation such as the availability of equipment, healthcare staff, and ongoing study research. (Be Credible) He knew the situation and manage to respond promptly and make the public trust with experienced SARs management and scientific evidence knowledge. (Express Empathy) He showed his understanding that people facing this disease may fear, panic or do things that make matters worse, like circulating rumors online or blaming particular groups for the outbreak. He promoted people to be mentally prepared and self-protection with simple steps that would contain virus spreading (Promote Action). Overall, he showed respectful communication by understanding the different people’s concerns and putting inspiration to the population (Show Respect).US President Trump:
His speech is not quite early as the disease has already been announced for a global pandemic by WHO. (Be right) He informed the people about what is known or in-discussing and what has been done so far to manage with COVID-19 situation. As he talked about financial support and national health coverage, it seems that he tried to show empathy with people’s challenges (Express Empathy). However, he is quite providing too much self-confidence in his management but did not show many people respect. He tries to promote health protection with simple messages to stop COVID-19 from spreading (Promote Action).In my opinion, Singapore’s President provided better communication, by starting to make people trust and finally end up with people’s cooperation.
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