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I Think, A confounder is the impact of technology on social change. Advances in information technology is significant to social change such as Internet. Internet is important in every organize, age group, marketing, and society. The contact in young adults had the most active contact pattern because young adults is the group to used internet more than other groups such as the group of education, social network, Trading.
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My Research title is Health impact from pm 2.5 in Chiang Mai, Thailand Year 2020.
Example of 5 variables
1. PM2.5 level – continuous variable – summarized as mean(SD),summarized as mean(SD)
2. Sex – categorical variables— summarized as number and proportion
3. Age – continuous variable – summarized as number and mean
4. Underlying Diseases – summarized as – Categorical variable summarized as rate (incident rate)
5. Risk group – Categorical variable summarized as number, rate (incident rate) -
1. How can Blockchain technology provide opportunities for health care?
The Blockchain, I think about Transaction banking (also known as Transactional banking) can be defined as the banking services that has a significant role to play in the functioning of a corporate or a banking institution by enabling the safe flow of money from one country to another. The data linkage in every bank in the Blockchain process will be changed.
The Blockchain will be support to collect patient data to the other hospital and relate organization to useful the data to treatment plan and Plan relevant actions quickly and safely. -
1. I think same Thanachol, The author interested form the main problem in Thailand in the word “However, it can be clearly seen that the suicide rate has generally been rising since 2011, at higher than 6 suicides per 100,000 inhabitants.”. I think the author chose to study this paper because of 1. the problem is very important 2. high impact with socioeconomic 3. have data to support.
2. I think that income level correlated with suicide rates. The differences of economic status tend level between poor and rich. The group of people with higher economic status tend to live independently. That it makes The group of people with lower economic or not, have income compare yourself to others.
3. The analysis is based on the known values of one variable and then predicts the other values. How much variation there is at any level Which, if both values are completely related The prediction is even more accurate example of The results. The examples the both models showed that suicide rates in Thailand were significantly driven by alcohol and household income from the results significantly which help to support this study.
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1.In the past, many studies have been used number and data compiled analyze and synthesize knowledge. Most come out in a statistical format and find statistical significance to solve various problems in public health But nowadays, modernization of programs and application has role in public health. IT Is including the methods of studying in locations, but still lacking research methods and experts. Studying in locations will support to public health problems to the point and epidemiology support the relationship of problems. That came from the compilation of a lot of information in many ways to support study.
2. Epidemiological study relationships between groups of people in the same place at the same time There are similar disease factors. Such as doing joint activity, eating together shopping at the same location and sharing items. -
My dashboard at :
https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiNDgyYTg3YWYtZjBmZi00MzEwLTk5MTQtOTk1NzI2OTkyZTM5IiwidCI6ImE1NjYxYjU3LTQ3ZDItNDNlNC04MGFhLWYxNzcwMTZhNTJmYiIsImMiOjEwfQ%3D%3D
Dashboard clearly shows the large scale situation numbers. everyone can select the areas of interesting and supported by disease trends and future predictions to help make decisions. -
My week 4 dashboard here:
My Dashboard
GIS helps to understand the situation clearly And the extent of the disease To help make decisions to put in place appropriate measures to prevent and respond to disease. -
Combination of numeric data and line graph by using filters to select interest values and it can forecast disease for planning and monitoring of the situation.
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Combination of numeric data and line graph by using filters to select interest values and it can forcast diaease for planning and monitoring of the situation.
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Chalermphon Visualization project.
The matrix table have more features in terms of dimensions And can clearly show the relationship between data Easy to understand Combined with using Slicers to filter data to be shorter and faster and hit to the point
, using matrix tables is a good option to use with more visualization. -
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I like THE STANDARD News agency dashboard.
https://thestandard.co/coronavirus-coverage/
Dashboards that are easy to understand and Clearly to showed the real situation. Trend of graph (line graph) and GIS MAP are clearly to show details.Dashboard Stand it out by used Logarithmic scale (Comparison between countries that are interested).I don’t like with the long series of Dashboard that It can make by sub windows because It can effect to other devices to used this Dashboard. -
Thank k. Imktd8.I think, the trend of pm2. 5 is similar with pm10 and in the north of Thailand have a data related to the situation consist of 4 groups of diseases. 1. The group of cardiovascular diseases 2. The group of respiratory disease 3. the group of Dermatitis 4. the group of the conjunctiva. I think it would be great if there was an ongoing study in related diseases. Finally, I think that you have asked about the impact of the area or not. I would like to answer that has a direct effect due to the mountainous terrain. And was directly affected by neighboring countries during the burning season, resulting in worse air quality than other place.
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Thank k.Ameen Thailand, the standard of air quality measurement, has happened in the last few years. Various factors that show insufficient measurements are fewer air quality monitoring points in the world used to represent There are only 12 locations in the northern region, but international research suggests that respiratory disease has a direct impact during air pollution. Because of better self-care during air pollution More than during the rain and high humidity.
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I like the summary of JC paper, It has many topic, I don’t understand with the author write examples of introduction not clear.It has many factors that related to traffic collisions. I think, example of situation, most frequencies Thailand traffic collisions in December and April every year, that are coming from long holidays but
The paper cannot be clearly explained. -
MY Video Presentation
https://1drv.ms/v/s!AqtAV1CEpaaOgegc66W6J4YIsWfNeg?e=XbnmZe -
I like both papers, the first paper author used the high level of GIS to create Maps, the second paper to created interesting maps and easier to understand. The details of first paper is difficult to understanding morethan second paper is every understand and showed the Show clear results such as the word “ clustersof HT because HT is associated with environmental factors, location, e.g., urban or rural area, social environment andlifestyle.” Related with This map shows one approach to identifying community risk relative to assets as well as opportunities for service expansion. I think second paper is very interesting for other student to study the GIS models of this paper.
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I like first one more than second, TB is the main problem diseases of Thailand. The authors can store data continuously and data authority. The result to shows the weak point to controls the disease that it support TB towards policy making. Form the word “success rate indicates that intensified program monitoring and case management are urgently needed.” GIS should have the details in more than in the paper that it can health understanding and evaluating the plan for reduce the disease.
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I like first one as it is many benefits for apply to Thailand study. The authors used data study by cross-sectional and descriptive-analytic from data authority and the method of Statistical analysis is very Interesting and reliable conduct the study under Ethic Committee. The results of study to shows the risk factor to accident is many parts such as human environment vehicle that related to accident but the conclude is not clear to useful then to small study in the high risk accident to increase the paper is very interesting and useful. I think this paper is very interesting for other student and Related parties to applied it.
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This CRF is great CRF. that is user-friendly but this CRF is the draft CRF. In my opinion, there are something to improve it such as.
– Standard of data BOX and check box.
– Site ID or site place is very important.
– the details of Eligibility criteria check is evaluation in the details of subject for save the unnecessary information .
– Name of investigator to complete CRF.
– the standard of date is DD/MM/YYYY
– I don’t understand with the mean of 2 box in antibody titer topic.
-Time should to assign the type of time.Such as AM PM. -
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I think, benefits of shared standards. Best interoperability outcomes will result when the same terminologies are used in these areas, and it is imperative that the terminology models implemented in both or more domains are the same. It very easy to combine, shareand and analyze the database to other system for other organization might as well make use of it.
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I had experienced about smog data management. My computer software use webserver data collated by MySQL Database. The Audit trial process is very important because Wrong data can always be recorded. my smog project used, the officer to audit data and Notify to recorder for editing data and follows Time stampUser for Reported coverage. The project never had the process authentication and access control level. I had the plan to backup and recovery plan every week by copy database and website.
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My experience in data collection/management, We collected the number of patients related to smog hazard in the norther of Thailand. We follow data management workflow to the investigator meeting/CRF completion training step. The main people collected data did not participate in the meeting, that affect to misunderstand that collecting data related to data low validation and low data quality and cannot the process of QA to check again, but we fixed the problem by reducing human error from automatic data collected in data coding management. I think protocol discussion and clearly data design, workflow is very important.
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My experience is Application TB self-screening. The purpose of data collection to improve people and risk people can access to screening Tb by yourself. The data are coming from primary data from Interested person or risk group recorded. Methods used for data collection is Questionnaire via device with Quantitative data. The problems are information bias and language barrier. Information bias is coming from data inaccuracies from misunderstanding with the questionnaire words, Not truthful answer and the language barrier for understanding the questions.
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Health informatics workforce in my country is small number which is mostly a group of programmers and mostly health organizations in Thailand cannot health informatics workforce for developed systems. I think, the challenge for developed consist of
1.All levels, service providers or Client are interested to use and they get benefits by Increase IT systems to be more important to people’s daily lives so that everyone sees the importance of using IT in public health systems such as general information, active drugs, Allergies, Smoking and give patients access to their own health information, etc.
2.The policy at the national level should be in the same direction and there should be agencies that look directly in this issue and must be a unit that understand the basic principles
3. Setting a database management system to exchange the information must be compatible at all levels.
4. interested to the development manpower and a work system for increase expert to appropriate foundations knowledge in program development such as setting up a help center, Support teaching.
5. Dare investment is critical for sustainable development in order to do a mega project in Health IT. That related with the government support seriously. -
The first think about data sharing. Goals, purpose, possibility, expert, Stakeholder for respect the consent of the participants, System Planning systematically implemented, Database management in the same Standardize of data structure by Methods of data-sharing, process of Identify the way in which data will be transferred from the provider to the receiver and the data be encrypted before being transferred.
Data Integrity assure that data cannot be modified in an unauthorized manner. Ensure that information is in format that true and correct to original purpose.
Data Confidentiality, Privacy and security process, Individual patient information the information to be shared must be without compromising the privacy rights of patients because some data may contain information that can be linked to individuals, it is important to put safeguards in place to ensure that sensitive information (salaries, exam results) remains private. ensure that data remain confidential which What safeguards are in place to prevent sensitive information from becoming public.
Data availability to ensure that information should be ready and available for shared that related with hardware software network and manpower or expert support and maintenance. Constraints on use of the data such as can the receiver share, sell or distribute data findings or any part of the database to another agency, list any restrictions on how the data or data findings can be used.
Financial costs of data-sharing such as expenses related to sharing the data. -
I agree with K.TULLAYA, Cost of living index in the US is higher than another country. Health insurance for American citizens pay any costs for the elderly and the disabled. The government has a health insurance program that covers medical cost and medicines for up to 80%.There is also a health insurance program for the poor population, including health insurance programs for children with low-income families, but many American citizens cannot the health insurance and pay all health insurance costs by yourself. Example of Workplace health insurance only covers the same treatment cost and medication cost that worker to pay most of the pay it that impacted for the group of unemployment about is losing access to Health Insurance. I think, Health Insurance is necessary in the US because Healthcare is very high cost because of high costing that the Resulting in more expensive Health Insurance too.
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The main point of Thailand 4.0 to strengthen the country’s economic foundation and increase the ability to compete on the world stage. One strategy is to develop a countrywide high – efficiency digital infrastructure. The Village Broadband Internet or Net Pracharat project is an important to support these strategies. Thailand development project the main objective of Net Pracharat is to strengthen the nation. Broadband network by expanding the high speed internet network to reach every village in the country so that local Thai people living in remote areas can access broadband or high speed internet like people living in the city. I agree with the concept of Broadband Internet or Net Pracharat to increase the opportunity for people to access the internet for education, knowledge and selling or advertise products, but It has many weak points such as the comment on an article “Internet slowly”, That related to the infrastructure of projects cannot support the demand of users and demand of every village. Net Pracharat cannot promote cyber security and privacy that impact to people in the community have a high risk of internet frauds and criminal or inappropriate websites, personal information and data traced from another person. Net Pracharat should have to increase demand of users, security and privacy and proper Internet usage for user and every village in the country.
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My setting is INJURY SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM (IS)
The bad of using EMR instead of the traditional paper based medical records.
1. The beginning of IS, the officer (nurses) don’t accept the IS system because of the IS system Increase workload for officer worked together with EMR and paper based.
2. Increase time of the officers tried to understand the record form.
3. The beginning Staff always record mistakes.
4. Increase IT staff helped with the system and fixed the errors.
5. Increase resource for maintenance system of software hardware and protection.
The good of using EMR instead of the traditional paper based medical records.
1. Decrease time for search patient, edit record, duplicate record and summary data.
2. Decrease human error in record process.
3. Decrease time for special record by matching learning.
4. Reduce patient recorded duplicate in the same names or patient other information.
5. Data exchanged between other EMR systems.
6. Follow the situation of record for planning management.
7. EMR systems quickly supported direct or decision making. -
Managing unplanned large database is difficult to share data for use or data analysis. Management should start from a discussion of the specific data storage needed for reduce unnecessary information and going in the same direction follow a construction of the same data structure. Using big data to present data should not come from selecting specific information in order to reduce the problem of voluntary choosing the data, which may use the technique of data sampling to be fair in using information for presentation rather than using data from self-selection. There is a process for data validation. Check before recording data rather than using techniques for data analysis. There is a standardized data analysis guideline for everyone to use to analyze to reduce misinterpretation and bias problems or error in analysis. The data analyst should have knowledge and understanding of the subject to be analyzed and understand the purpose data structure details because each person’s understanding of information is different. Protecting the confidentiality and privacy of patient information is necessary for data storage. There will be a system for standardized protection, access to appropriate information and systematic user management to reduce the risk of malware, cyber attraction, virus, hacker and inadvertent disclosure.
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I agree with K.Thanachol K.Tullaya K.Ameen ,the example of health system improvement is Telemedicine on e-Health setting because the main barriers is the number of medical staff to support patient. Multimedia used in the development of medical manpower to help diagnose the disease and increase the potential to treat patients to get better quality in life. I think, barriers that could occur in that system improvement process is the health coverage implementation system. In the pass, the successful implementation of the universal health coverage implementation, there are still weaknesses in the system that must be received and Urgent fix, That is the problem of the number of medical staff and hospitals that are not balanced with the number of people who use it and the problem of budget management that does not on target.Find ways to improve the universal health coverage implementation system, there must be a source of budgets from many sources. More to make the system sustainable Such as collecting contributions similar to social security funds such as Payment in case of needing services that are higher than public health standards or call Co-payment and Taxation for a specific fund or call Earmarked Tax for support the system to be able to continue sustainably. However, cost control in the health insurance system is a problem that is found all over the world.
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My organization is a small organization (one it officer) that stored the disease database surveillance system and promoted information of diseases and health hazards. The computer used has a system to operate through the one computer server to operate with web server. Today used data backup (Differential Backup) to modify and update on separate medium (External drive) every weeks.it doesn’t have domain controller (used Admin login webpage to access web data base). The weakness of the system is no firewall to help manage access that needs to be developed after being attacked with malware in 2 year ago, but data backup can fix the problem. My organization increase availability of software and hardware maintenance.
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I think, High availability technology has many benefits of the hospital information system because Patient information is necessary to be protected from any variety of factors, the work load of hardware and plan to reduce or eliminate downtime of server that work 24 hours. The hospital has many parts of service used the technology for recording patient information. High availability technology reduces the workload of officer can work easier, quicker and the errors but the most benefit is safety from any variety of factors.
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My situation, I had a server to store the patient database impact with smog disaster but the server stands alone. It doesn’t encrypt everything, not domain names, secure socket layer, SSL and firewall that affect my server in the last year, data breaches and the worst is website falling but the information does not contain anything that is very identifiable. Today, the server increase confidentiality consists of a username and password and increase availability consist of firewall, software protection and data backup.
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Chikungunya is the the diseases in surveillance systems, When has 1 patient confirm or suspect. the process of investigation is start that related with the event based surveillance system of DDC to monitor the situation and wait for laboratory tests about 1 week. the determinant factor is very Interesting to shows relation with disease such as temperature, Rainfall ,mosquito in areas or patient behavior, health literacy.
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