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Imagine that you’re analyzing survey responses with regard to the use of bednets for prevention of malaria. You find that a large proportion of respondents report not using bednets. However, you have no data about why they are not using bednets. What approach(es) might you use in order to figure out why respondents are not using bednets?
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From the quantitative survey was founded that most of responder not use the bednets to preventing mosquitos. The explore study by qualitative research will be the answer of the question. The method is random the non-using bednets subject to interview the cause of not using bednets. The common method is the focus group. The answer will collect and report in the result part of paper. This paper can be used to plan the next solution for preventing mosquitos other than bednets.
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One of the methods to help us understand the reluctance of using bednets is by doing in-depth interview. The participants of the study would be respondents that are not using bednets. The answer from in-depth interview will be helpful to know their opinions about bednets and the reason why they do not use it. This also can give suggestions for improvement so more people want to use the bednets.
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You can ask them through interviews to ask the behavioral, cultural, or environmental factors that affect their use of bednets. If you are a more sociable researcher and easily get along with foreign people, participant observation may also be useful.
Quantitative research gives you the “how many”, and qualitative research gives you “why”.
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Since we start with unknown reasons about why they are not using bed nets, we might start with an open-ended question of “why?”. Qualitative research might be useful to explore the reason, which might lead to a deeper understanding and broader perspective of the people that might be connected with the use of bed nets, or even their ideas about malaria prevention.
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As we are curious about the reason why they are not using bednets, I think it is better to perform additional qualitative research/data collection, perhaps by conducting a focus group interview. After gathering insights and understanding their perspectives, we can also conduct quantitative research later to analyze patterns, predict trends/averages, verify causal association and generalize results in larger groups.
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I will conduct a structured interview using a questionnaire to determine why people don’t use mosquito nets. In Indonesia, the data on the coverage of mosquito nets is known through a KAP survey (Knowledge, Attitude, and Action). Community perceptions and knowledge of mosquito nets were also identified. KAP survey is a quantitative survey, so it does not describe the community’s reasons so that the program does formative research to understand the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of the community regarding the use of mosquito nets.
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In order to figure out why respondents are not use bed nets, focus group participants who do not use bed nets and structured interview should be conducted. The question should be included their knowledge, attitude, belief, environment, and socioeconomic status that can be affected to their bed nets using behavior.
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To answer “WHY” questions of the problem, I would use qualitative research. If I go into some details, I would do literature review of the previous qualitative research articles on that issue, build a theoretical framework, use non-probability purposive sampling strategy, collect the qualitative data through semi-structured interviews with the respondents who do not use bednets till the data become saturated, transcribe the recordings,do coding, categorizing ,and do thematic analysis. In these ways, I will figure out why the respondents are not using bednets.
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To answer the reason of not using bednets, I’d use qualitative method: in-depth interviews with key informants and informants until data saturation is achieved. The interview questions might be semi-structured because it requires less experienced interviewer than unstructured ones while there is room for flexibility.
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From the research question “why they are not using bednets?”, the qualitative study could answer this question. Firstly, analyzing the data from the survey might help to describe the characteristics of the respondents who are no using the bednets. After that qualitative method such as participant observation and semi-structured interviews be single used or combined together for deep understanding and answer the question.
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The qualitative research is the tools to finding in-depth answer in some question like this one. The traditional quantitative tells only how many household did not use bednets, but no reason was told. Sometimes, transformation of qualitative attributes to quantitative was not enough to tell the true answer. In-depth interviewing, observation, participant observation, or shadowing might be useful to finding the truth.
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The approach would be, firstly, to examine the uniqueness of the individual’s lived situation or experience. Then create the research question which is “What are the reasons that most of the respondents did not use bednets for malaria prevention”. The method for seeking of information would be interview of the respondents, it could be describe/write the reason or experience. Then the researcher identified the themes and structural explanation the reasons.
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