1. Descriptive epidemiology focuses on the triad of people, place, and time. However, in the past, most epidemiology research focused more on individual factors like age, gender, genetics, and behavior, or on how diseases changed over time, rather than historically focusing on place or location. A significant reason for this lack of interest in place was the limitations of suitable databases and insufficient software for effectively managing and analyzing spatial data in the past. But now, with advance technology, spatial epidemiology has many more chances in epidemiological research. Because of this, spatial epidemiology is an interdisciplinary field. It requires knowledge and skills in epidemiology, statistics, geography, and computer science to understand how people, places, and environments are connected, and how they affect health.

2. The place where an individual lives or works should be considered a potential disease determinant because it can indicate the risk of health problems and the onset of diseases. This is because “place” encompasses environmental, social, and economic factors. For example, individuals living or working near nuclear power plants or coal-fired power plants may be exposed to radiation or various toxins, increasing their risk of developing diseases such as cancer. In remote rural areas, individuals may experience malnutrition or nutrient deficiencies due to limited access to diverse and healthy food sources. In urban areas, living in densely populated environments, the social and environmental at the workplace, can contribute to conditions like stress and office syndrome.