Hospital is one of the business that has a lot of information. Dashboard is very important for healthcare. The dashboard can summarize data for healthcare personnel. Physicians would like to know smmarized information of patients admitted in the ward which should be shown on operational dashboard. The executive director of the hospital would like to gather information about amount of occupied beds per month, number of patients wating for admission, performance index which should be presented on tactic dashboard.

For dashboard I would like to develop, the operational dynamic dashboard that peovides information of patients admitted in the intensive care units (ICU). The inportant information needed for decision making, for example, current vital signs and previous trends, prescribed medication, cumulative fluid balance of current date and the fluid balance since patient’s admission should be provided on a single screen.

In my opinion, the dashboard for data visualization becomes impactful to healthcare provider as it shows their accountability, transparency, artistry, and professionalism (the acronym is ATAP – I create this term in order to simplify the explanation). By developing the visual dashboard for their web application or data dissemination, accountability becomes the first outcome they got which means that the organization is considered to be fully responsible to provide health services. Meanwhile, transparency means they are willing to expose clear and real information so that people become able to determine the provider’s performance. Dashboard can also possess artistry because it is displayed in an understandable and stylistic approach so that public can comprehend and interpret what information is implied on it. And related to professionalism, a perfect dashboard indicates a trusted health service provider. My plan will likely use dynamic dashboard for disease surveillance dissemination and early warning system. As surveillance data should be reported and updated in a timely manner through table, graph, map, picture, and chart; therefore, dynamic dashboard is highly recommended option.

Nowadays, information is abundant and constantly changing. For us to be able to understand that information quickly, having a dashboard is essential. For example, the dashboard shows the daily number of COVID-19 cases, where it summarizes the key information in a succinct manner.

For me, if I’m going to design a dashboard, it’s important that all the information on it has to be important and useful. In order to get that information, I have to talk to the users and find out the necessary information that users really need, including how the dashboard is used. For example, if the hospital administrator had 30 minutes at a time to sit and look at the dashboard to make important decisions. The nature of the dashboard must be reliable, accurate, up-to-date, and comprehensive enough to make a complete decision.

On the other hand, if the user is a front-line worker with only 30 seconds to look at the dashboard to make further decisions, the data must be concise, easy to use and understand, static, up-to-date, and information that can be used immediately without having to go through re-analysis or re-thinking.

The point for creation of dashboard is for briefly present a specific point for something in the easy-to-understand at a glance especially now when we are in a data-driven society. The goal is to make them intuitive, simple, and short. In healthcare sector, we might have seen many dashboards in different areas in a hospital. For example, in an emergency room, we may see a list of patients, time of arrivals, triage level so that we can prioritise patients regarding their severity. We don’t have to interact with a dashboard, every important information is already there to be seen, and respond promptly.
In COVID-19 Cohort ward, we have a dashboard illustrating list of all patients, their real-time vital signs, severity, important notice and alert if something goes wrong — every thing in one screen. So that we can efficiently monitor patients and make a fast decision.
If I were to build a dashboard, I’ll pay attention to the MOST important data required for decision making and discard what are not, use of colours, typography and appropriate medium (such as a large screen or monitor, whatsoever). Also, the pipeline of data use for displaying in a dashboard must be reliable and fast.

Data visualization dashboard is important in healthcare. There is massive data from different resources which has created the complexity of getting healthcare information. Getting information from traditional page reports can be time consuming and slows the work process which confuses people and cause them to give up. Alternatively, concluding and transforming data into informative graphics would catch people’s attention and mean they spend less time understanding the necessary information. For Covid-19 updates, WHO has provided interesting data visualization dashboard via https://covid19.who.int/ which enhances ability of comparison, trend and trend’s prediction in a short time. Moreover, data could be updated real-time and interesting issues filtered by using dynamics dashboard which is convenient to use for both healthcare workers and general people.

I would consider two issues for dashboard designing : context and appearance.
Context in dashboard has to be precise and not contain ambiguous information. Some data can confuse people such as showing number without units or excluding some data from the graph to mislead comparison. Moreover, content in dashboard has to be useful and suitable for user’s desirable and background knowledge. For example,Healthcare workers and general people might want to know and understand about Covid-19 in some different issues. Choosing important context based on user’s need would help to minimize information and create simple dashboard.
Appearance is the big topic for designing dashboard because quality design could enhance human perception. Understanding in some human perception concepts such as human eye and color, human perception and recognition, graphic perceptions would possibly help to create a user friendly dashboard. Chunking of information, Distancing of information, Font size, Content order, Color meaning and Color blindness are some topics which could create different in human perception. Overall, design should reduce reading effort and make sure that the target population are on the same page.

The healthcare system is one of the most fields that contain a lot of data and information. In my opinion, a data visualization dashboard, which can bring and track data from multiple sources and shows a real-time comprehensive overview, could help healthcare workers save time instead of reviewing all detailed reports and improve the decision-making process and performance. In pandemics, with a data visualization dashboard, healthcare providers can track the current situation and have real-time access to facilitate resources and predict trends of the disease.

For a dashboard design, I will provide a clear picture using visualization and data analytics that are easy to understand format and combine relevant data from multiple sources on one page. This dashboard would be dynamic and interactive and enable secure and convenient user access.

In the context of COVID-19, dashboards became helpful in decision-making among policy-makers. It quickly displays the daily reported confirmed cases, deaths, ICU/ hospital utilization among others. We can also implement an in-depth look on these data by implementing filters to determine which areas are of high, moderate, or low risk such that allocation of resources can be efficiently distributed, and appropriate public health measures can be implemented.

Some of my insights when designing a dashboard are first, it must be intuitive for the user. Overloading with information without context makes the dashboard practically useless. Second is to display with the relevant information needed. For example, a COVID-19 dashboard may not need the capital of each country or GDP when you only want to see the daily reported numbers. Third is the choice of colors and fonts. The fonts should be readable and colors should suggest on what the data are suggesting. For example, a decrease in GDP may be indicated with a red bar or red font to emphasize something. Fourth is the ability of the user to use filters based on their needs. When working with big data, a user might only want to check for a specific subgroup.

If you want to create an application whether a web app or mobile app, what programming language would you like to use to build and develop your app, why?
If you want to build a mobile app, what app do you want to build and why? What types of mobile app (native, web, and hybrid app) would you like to choose to build? Please provide your reasons.
I would like to build clinical trial management application. 

Why is dashboard for data visualization important for healthcare? If you want to design a good dashboard, what are characteristics of your dashboard you are going to design?

In my opinion, the dashboard plays crucial roles in healthcare. The trend of health informatics is widely spread globally and in Thailand. Dashboard allows reader to see the high level overview of data. The dashboard not only visualize data to be more easier to understand but also support decision making for healthcare professionals and sometimes also support patients.
We may familiar with COVID-19 statistics dashboard in our country. This published dashboard allows people to understand more on COVID-19 real time situation in their own country.
In my opinion, the most important character of dashboard is the layout and design, which should be design to attract readers and design in the way to visualize things effectively (not to less, not to much). By understanding the way human brain works, we could build the dashboard more effectively.
For example, human can detect to contrast better than the colors. Hence, it is better to display the difference using the color contrast (light and dark) than the colors (green,red, etc).

However, there are other characteristics that are important in dashboard building
Accuracy of data: Dashboard builder need to consider the accuracy of data during data cleaning and manipulation before creating the dashboard
Relevant: One set of data can be visualized in hundreds way. It is important to concerns the “relevant” data points to be displayed in the dashboard. Therefore, the dashboard builder need to understand the reader and the purpose before design dashboard.
Transparency of the data: It’s important to show the source of the data feeding to the dashboard. The source of data allows reader to understand the generalizability and limitation of each dashboard.

Dashboard for data visualization assists the healthcare professional team to track the progression, do real-time monitoring, analyze the data and make decisions.
To design a good dashboard, firstly we need to identify the objective of this dashboard creation. Secondly, we need to know what data to be collected or what data is on-hand that can be used to summarize in the dashboard. Once we know the purpose of the dashboard and the data we have, then, we can choose the type of dashboard to be used.
For example from the pharmacist’s aspect, I would like to create a dashboard representing the use of antibiotics in a hospital. This dashboard helps to analyze the appropriate use of ATB retrospectively and see the trend of bacterial infection in hospitals. This dashboard aims to share with the healthcare team to understand the importance of rational drug use, to prevent future ATB-resistant and reduce prolong hospitalization. The data collection will be the use of ATB, the different types of bacterial infection, lab results (hemo culture), and resistance numbers.
– Type of dashboard will be a tactical dashboard to see the trend of data from the past until now, to analyze, and make decisions to implement new strategies.
– As the multiple types of information will be displayed, the type of graph chosen to be used is also crucial. The static and line chart over time will be chosen in this case.
– The dashboard should be simple, and a single page can cover all essential information. To make this, a good design and layout are required.

Dashboard for data visualization is very important in healthcare because it is unifying data from various sources and transforming into visualization by using methods, for example infographics, charts, tables, or graphs.

By doing this, it helps healthcare workers and stakeholders tracking their processes and interventions. In addition, presenting large and complex data from various sources by utilizing data visualization is very beneficial for decision makers in making decisions.

The characteristics of dashboard that I would design will be depend on users. If users are population, dashboard would be simply displayed in table for them to understand easily. But if users are healthcare professionals level, dashboard that I would design will be displayed in mixed of charts, graphs, and tables. Because in healthcare setting, we need deep information in making decisions or interventions. However, if we will apply dashboard in operational setting which require real-time data display, quick decision making, dashboard should be include important indicators, simple, and related to the operation.

However, whether dashboards are designed in any type of characteristics, the most important is that dashboards should be best display for communicating data effectively.

Actually, a dashboard for data visualization is important for several approaches because it summarizes information format that is easy to understand. For healthcare, the dashboard can play a role to inform statistical data of diseases. For example, during a pandemic, we can see several dashboards that show the number of infections and deaths in a specific time frame. Instead of reading raw data from a table, we can easily read from a summarized dashboard. The characteristics of the dashboard could be a line graph.

A good dashboard can help get into the information faster, users gain the key information quicker. A good dashboard should easy to read, easy to understand, summarize all the important information. It should prioritize the key message and also provide other information that necessary too. It should be easy on the eyes too, also it should use the colors to helps guide people where to look at, where to read next.