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I considered one main intervention for the RSV prediction model: vaccination coverage for high-risk groups. RSV vaccination gives temporary protection that lowers the chance of infection, reduces severe disease, and prevents hospitalisations. The main high-risk groups are infants and young children, who have the highest risk of serious illness, and older adults (60 years and above), who are more likely to be hospitalised. Studies show vaccine efficacy in older adults is about 83.7% [1], and protection for infants lasts for around 5 months (CDC) after immunisation [2].
In the model, this can be added by creating a vaccinated class (V) in the SIRS structure. Parameters include the proportion of people vaccinated (coverage), how well the vaccine prevents infection (efficacy), and how long protection lasts before people return to being susceptible. An age-structured model is useful because the vaccines are only given to certain groups, not everyone.
References
[1] Wilson, E., Goswami, J., Baqui, A. H., et al. (2023). Efficacy and Safety of an mRNA-Based RSV PreF Vaccine in Older Adults. New England Journal of Medicine. https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2307079
[2] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2025).
https://www.cdc.gov/rsv/vaccines/protect-infants.html -
SIRS for RSV with Vaccination.
RSV does not produce lifelong sterilizing immunity; reinfections occur through life that we use SIRS model. We also include a vaccinated class V (vaccine-derived protection) and a post-infection immunity class R (natural immunity), both of which wane back to susceptible. I think I should have age group because RSV vaccines are only used in some groups.
Reference:
[1] van Boven, M., et al. (2020). Estimating Transmission Parameters for Respiratory Syncytial Virus. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 222(Suppl 7), S688–S695. (Article DOI: jiaa424; see supplementary).
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/instance/7751153/bin/jiaa424_suppl_supplementary_information.pdf[2] Giannini, F., et al. (2024). Modelling respiratory syncytial virus age-specific risk of hospitalisation in term and preterm infants (open-access PMC11110433).
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11110433[3] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2025).
https://www.cdc.gov/rsv/vaccines/protect-infants.html -
I am interested in exploring the application of coding and computational methods for parameter fitting and simulation in infectious disease models. I don’t focus on a single disease, my project will look at how different methods can be used to estimate key parameters (such as transmission rate or recovery rate) and simulate outbreak dynamics. A simple SEIR or SIR model can be used as the case study, either with real data (e.g. measles or RSV) or with synthetic data.maybe I will try a complex model like SIRS or SEIRS or age-group model ect.
Now, my work is on a malaria model which is quite complex. It includes both symptomatic and asymptomatic infections and also considers resistance. -
1.Suicide numbers in Thailand had been going up again since 2011, with more than 3,600 deaths each year. Similarly, in 2005, the suicide rate was 6.34 per 100,000 people and dropped to 6.08 in 2014. The author thought this information could help find what factors made it drop and what made it rise again
2. Community support : The study found that provinces with stronger social connections, like in rural areas, tended to have lower suicide rates. People with close ties to neighbors and community have more emotional support and are less likely to feel alone, which can help protect against suicide.
3. Statistical modeling shows which factors have the biggest impact on suicide rates and where these impacts are strongest. It can also help the government predict how changes such as improving basic support might reduce suicide rates.
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Which apps or videos did you try with your headset?
– I tried the Google Cardboard app.What did you enjoy most about the experience?
– Not much, to be honest. I’ve tried Oculus before, and it provides a much better VR experience. Also, my phone is larger than the Cardboard viewer, which made the experience less enjoyable.Were there any parts that didn’t work well or could be improved? (e.g., comfort, visuals, interaction)
– Yes, the Cardboard viewer was too small for my phone. I couldn’t adjust the eye distance (interpupillary distance), and there was no way to focus the lenses properly, which made it uncomfortable and visually unclear.2)
Did you experience stereoscopic vision? Why or why not? (Think about the lenses, image separation, and alignment.)
Yes, I did when I used the Oculus headset. It allows you to adjust the lenses to fit your eyes, which improves the 3D effect and overall experience.Which psychological factors (e.g., sense of presence, immersion, realism) did you feel were active during your VR experience? Which ones were missing?
– While using the headset, I felt some sense of presence and realism, especially when the view responded to my head movements. However, after about 30 minutes, I started to feel motion sickness. The level of immersion was limited when using Google Cardboard due to the visual and comfort issues.Was there any interaction technique you used in the app (e.g., gaze control, head-tilt navigation, magnetic trigger)? If not, what interaction methods would you have liked to see?
– There wasn’t much interaction in the Cardboard app. I would have liked to see gaze control or head-tilt navigation for a more interactive experience.
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1) I uploaded some pictures and tried using the dashboard. It felt a bit different because the virtual space is new to me, and it’s not the same as sharing in class or on a discussion board.
2) I think virtual gallery spaces can be useful in academic settings, like for showing student projects or art in a fun and easy way. It lets people from different places see the work without being in the same room. But in professional settings, it can be harder to use because you might need to see small details or high-quality images, and that doesn’t always work well online. Also, some people may not be used to using virtual spaces.
3) My screen shots
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Visualization and Experimentation
I try to put sensor in the freezer.Challenges & Solutions
Some of the jumper cables are loose. Move the cables to the center, and when doing so, keep them as flat and compact as possible.I also had an issue connecting to the 5G Wi-Fi, so I switched to using 2.4G instead.Ideas for Improvement & Application
I think it can be improved by adding a system so it can send alerts to email when the temperature changes; this would be useful for things like food or vaccine storage. -
Article : IoT Based Glucose Monitoring System
Citation: Sakhare, P. J., & Holambe, R. S. (2023). IoT Based Glucose Monitoring System. Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR), 10(5).
LinkThis study introduces an IoT-enabled system designed to monitor the glucose levels of diabetic patients in real-time. The system integrates a glucose sensor with an Arduino UNO microcontroller, sending the glucose readings to a cloud platform using a Wi-Fi module. Patients and healthcare providers can access these readings through a mobile or web application interface. The system was designed to improve disease management by allowing continuous and remote monitoring, reducing the need for frequent clinic visits. It also sends alerts when glucose levels deviate from normal ranges. This approach highlights how IoT can enhance chronic disease management with real-time data collection and notification capabilities.
Objective
To provide a real-time, remote glucose monitoring solution for diabetic patients, enabling early detection of abnormal glucose levels and improving long-term disease management.Sensors Used
The system uses a glucose sensor (glucose test strip interface) that measures blood sugar levels. The sensor is connected to an Arduino UNO, and data is transmitted using the Wi-Fi module to the ThingSpeak IoT platform for storage and visualization.Challenges
Accurate glucose sensing hardware with microcontrollers and ensuring reliable data transmission over Wi-Fi were significant hurdles. -
My Wrap-up about Cyber Health Care
Link: https://snipboard.io/mjpGU9.jpg
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My Wrap-up!
link: https://snipboard.io/LD9wu2.jpg
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Thailand’s primary care system is based on Primary Care Units (PCUs), which are small local health centers providing basic healthcare. PCUs focus on preventive care, treating common illnesses, maternal and child health, elderly care, and disease screening. They work closely with community health workers (CHWs) and district hospitals to ensure patients receive the care they need. However, there are challenges such as a shortage of doctors in rural areas, heavy paperwork, and limited resources.
COVID-19 Pandemic : Thailand started checking travelers from China for signs of illness. This helped find and isolate cases quickly. Another important factor was community involvement. Health workers at PCUs and in villages educated people about washing hands, wearing masks, and keeping a safe distance, which helped stop the virus from spreading. PCUs also act a big role in testing people for COVID-19 and providing first aid. They worked closely with hospitals to make sure patients got proper care. The government also acted quickly by setting rules like lockdowns and travel bans to reduce the spread of the virus.
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Thailand’s Universal Health Coverage (UHC) scheme provides healthcare to almost everyone in the country. Launched in 2002, it has made medical treatment affordable, improved health services, and reduced financial burdens on families. The system is funded by taxes and focuses on primary care to keep costs under control. The government strongly supports the program, making it a success.
There are three main health coverage systems in Thailand.
1.The National Health Security System (Gold Card) : covers most of the population, providing free or low-cost treatment at public hospitals.
2.The Social Security System (SSS) : for private-sector employees, offering care through contracted hospitals.
3.The Civil Service Welfare scheme provides the best benefits, covering government employees and their families with access to private hospitals and better medical services.However, there are challenges. Healthcare costs are rising due to an aging population and more cases of chronic diseases. There are also differences between the three main health schemes, meaning some people get better benefits than others. Hospitals, especially in rural areas, do not have enough doctors and nurses, leading to long working hours and staff shortages. Many public hospitals are overcrowded, and some struggle with budget shortages. Private hospitals attract skilled workers, creating a gap in service quality between public and private healthcare.
To keep UHC strong, the government needs to secure more funding through increased health budgets or special taxes on products like alcohol and tobacco. More doctors and nurses should be trained and given better incentives to work in rural areas. The differences between health schemes should be reduced so that everyone gets fair treatment. Hospitals should improve management and invest in new technology to provide better care.
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There is a clear gap between rural and urban healthcare, mainly in the number of workers, hospital technology, and the number of hospitals. However, the knowledge level of doctors does not seem to differ too much.
To close this gap, innovations like telemedicine could help bring specialist care to rural areas without requiring doctors to relocate. Mobile clinics and better transportation systems could also improve access to healthcare in remote areas. Additionally, offering incentives for medical professionals to work in rural hospitals, such as higher salaries, housing support, or career growth opportunities, could help balance workforce distribution.
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I mostly work in coding.Don’t know much on health workforce situation. for my experience, I see government hospitals often don’t have enough workers, even though they hire informal workers to help. Many medical graduates avoid working in these hospitals because the pay is too low and wages are sometimes unpaid. To fix this, the government should pay workers on time and offer better salaries. They could also give benefits like scholarships or loan help to encourage graduates to join. Making the workplace better, with fair rules and chances to grow in their careers, could also help keep workers from leaving.
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What the good and bad of using EMR
Good of using EMR
The Efficiency – EMR improve patient data management. Unlike paper records, which require manual searching, EMRs allow instant access to patient history, lab results, and prescriptions. This speeds up decision-making and reduces administrative workload, ultimately improving patient care.
The Data Accuracy – Handwritten records are prone to errors, misinterpretation, and missing information. EMRs minimize these risks by ensuring clear, structured, and complete documentation. Standardized digital entries help avoid mistakes that could impact patient treatment.
The Remote Access – authorized healthcare providers can access patient data from multiple locations. This is especially useful in multi-clinic systems where doctors need to review a patient’s history even if they visited a different branch. Paper records, in contrast, are confined to a single location, limiting accessibility.
bad of using EMR
The Training Challenge – Transitioning from paper records to EMRs requires extensive training. Many healthcare workers, especially those unfamiliar with digital systems, may struggle with the new technology. Without proper training, efficiency can drop, and errors can increase during the adjustment period.
The Technical Issues – Unstable power supply, internet outages, or software failures can disrupt access to EMRs. In contrast, paper records are always available, regardless of technical issues. In settings with poor infrastructure, reliance on digital systems can pose a risk.
The Privacy Concern – While EMRs offer stronger security, they also introduce privacy risks. Digital records can be hacked or accessed by unauthorized users. In paper-based systems, physical access is required to view records, making data breaches less likely on a large scale.
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Disease Definition
Setting clear disease definitions helps us determine what data to collect and use. Using standard systems like ICD (International Classification of Diseases) or SNOMED CT ensures consistency. Doctors and data experts should work together to refine these definitions so they match real-world cases.Data Quality and Missing Data
If data is missing or incorrect, it becomes unusable. To fix this, we need to check data accuracy when collecting it. If data is missing, we can use methods like multiple imputation or regression imputation to fill in gaps with estimated values.Unstructured Data
Audio recordings and videos may contain useful medical details, such as a patient’s heartbeat sound or movement patterns in a video. However, these types of data are difficult to analyze directly. To make them useful, we can convert speech to text/number or use machine learning to recognize patterns. This helps turn unstructured data into structured data that can be used in research and treatment.
Data Analysis and Training
Learning how to handle big data is essential. Machine learning can help identify patterns in large datasets, while tools like Apache Spark and Hadoop process big data efficiently. Training programs and workshops can help healthcare professionals improve their data skills. -
I agree with the four recommended points.
1. Bring key stakeholders together : corruption is a widespread issue, and involving policymakers, healthcare workers, and the public ensures that everyone understands the problem and takes responsibility for change.
2. Prioritize actions : identify the problem and set Prioritize, target the problem that have impact, we must focus on the most harmful and solvable issues first.
3. Holistic view : Corruption is complex and linked to politics, economics, and society. Looking at the bigger picture helps create long-term solutions rather than just temporary fixes.
4. Research community: More studies are needed to understand corruption and find what actually works to stop it. Research can guide policies and provide evidence-based solutions.Additionally,I think having a strong system that makes corruption difficult or reduces its impact is crucial. If we have strict monitoring, transparent processes, and regular audits, corruption becomes harder to hide. A system that checks and controls corruption can prevent it before it happens, making healthcare services more fair and trustworthy.
public awareness also is key to fighting corruption. When people know their rights and demand transparency, it becomes harder for corruption to continue. -
I think improving the healthcare system with Artificial Intelligence (AI) can enhance healthcare system. AI has the potential to improve healthcare efficiency, reduce errors, and provide faster, more accurate diagnoses.
However, one of the challenges is data privacy and ethical concerns.For example, patient records must be protected to prevent unauthorized access or misuse. Ethically, AI decisions should be fair and unbiased, ensuring that all patients receive equal treatment.
If we need good AI, we need a large amount of high-quality data to train AI models. Supercomputers and advanced computing systems are also necessary to process and analyze massive medical data. It’s important to ensure data is accurate, secure, and used ethically to gain people’s trust and make the most of AI in healthcare.
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I choose page 340, point 2 : The P value for the null hypothesis is the probability that chance alone produced the observed association; for example, if the P value for the null hypothesis is 0.08, there is an 8 % probability that chance alone produced the association
many people mistakenly think the P-value shows the chance that “random chance” caused the results. For example, if the P-value is 0.08, they assume there’s an 8% chance the result happened randomly But The P-value only shows how well the data fits the assumptions of the test, including the idea that there’s no real effect. It doesn’t prove whether chance caused the result or not.
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My name is Tanaphum Wichaita, and my nickname is Jumbo. I have a background in software engineering and currently work as a Research Software Engineer at the Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU). My role involves writing code to support research and consulting with researchers. Sometimes, I write code to create tables and plots, including statistical summaries such as mean, median, max, and min etc.. I also have experience working with Bayesian models.
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My organization has around 500 members and 5 units in other provinces, each with many departments. We handle private data, and some of it cannot be shared with others. We use our own server to store this information.
To protect our data, I think I should use Full Backups to create complete copies of all our data regularly and store them safely. This will make sure we don’t lose anything. For very important data, we should also use Data Replication, which copies the data in real time, so we can recover quickly if something goes wrong.
It’s also important to focus on People and Training, making sure everyone knows their role during a disaster and how to respond. Regular testing and training will help us stay prepared and improve our recovery process.
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As a research software engineer, I work on developing and maintaining software to support research goals. My role includes organizing tasks, ensuring the software works correctly, and working with researchers to meet project needs.
I think I don’t follow all 12 steps of project management, I apply key principles like “Define the project”, “List the tasks”, “Plan the task order” and “Review Project”. I break down tasks into smaller steps, assign responsibilities, prioritize what to do first, and review the work.
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For Patients:
they receive treatment and care faster because doctors and nurses can quickly access their medical information. There are no delays or errors since the system is always running, and patients avoid long waits caused by system problems.For the Hospital:
high availability enables smoother operations as the system continues to work even during hardware or software issues. It prevents costly downtime, saves time on fixing data problems, and builds trust with patients by ensuring services are always available. -
I have been a team member working with a good leader. In a project, the leader asked everyone what they could do and encouraged us to share ideas. We talked about which tools to use and shared what worked well or not based on our experience. The leader listened to everyone and made sure we felt involved, which kept us motivated.
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I don’t have experienced a breach in my information system.i check my email will haveibeenpwned.com.my email have been pwned 8 times.i will share one of them
What happened?
In July 2016, the gaming news site DLH.net suffered a data breach which exposed 3.3M subscriber identities. Along with the keys used to redeem and activate games on the Steam platform, the breach also resulted in the exposure of email addresses, birth dates and salted MD5 password hashes.How did it affect the system or users?
– many user hacked bacause Usernames and Password is breached.
– Steam keys,code of activating a game, was activated.How to prevent it?
– Encrypt Sensitive Data : Encrypt Steam keys, username , password.
– Implement Access Controls : by using 2FA or MFA authentication .
– Limit Data Sharing: Only share necessary data with third parties and ensure it’s protected. -
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I start with something I enjoy, like a game, music, or movie. Begin by listening to what the characters or speakers are saying with subtitles on. When you see a word or phrase or sentence that I don’t understand, pause and look it up in a dictionary. Once I feel more familiar with the words, try listening without subtitles to challenge your comprehension.
I want to improve my listening skills so I can understand the story faster without needing to pause, making my experience smoother and more enjoyable.
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Self-management : I think it strongest component of EQ.I think control and manage my emotions well. I am hard to upset.although when i am yougn i cay alot but present i hardly cry.i think maybe Let some emotions go make easy to control my emotions and make me easy to Fill up my Satisfaction with small thing.
Action Plan: I’ll use self-management to make my life easier by finding small motivations to push me forward in work, skills, and achievements.
Social awareness : i don’t means i am anti-social or don’t care the Social.I do care about others and sometimes understand others’ feelings and can empathize with them, but I don’t often think deeply about what they’re going through.At sometimes, I think too logically, which can make me feel less connected in some situations.
Action Plan: I’ll think on balancing logic with empathy. When analyzing situations, I’ll remind myself to consider the emotional side, not just the logical one, to help me connect better with others.
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Thank you for your presentation. POWER2DM is an excellent system that empowers diabetes patients to take control of their health. By leveraging technology, it improves patient care, provides valuable data, and fosters collaboration between patients and doctors. The shared decision-making dashboard is especially helpful, enabling both patients and healthcare providers to create personalized treatment plans together. With sufficient data, we can even compare different treatment options to determine the best fit for each individual.
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thank you for your presentation.I think this app is a useful tool for improving health knowledge in Myanmar, especially for people who don’t have easy access to doctors.It’s great that the app works without internet. This is especially helpful for people in areas where the internet is hard to access.
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Hello Alex, thank you for reporting the Okta data breach. I agree with all the prevention steps you mentioned, like regular audits, encryption, and having a good incident response plan. These are all important to prevent future breaches.I think add access controls, only authorized personnel have access to sensitive data. Using role-based access would add more protection and help reduce the chance of unauthorized access.
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Hello Cing Sian Dal, thank you for explaining the MediSecure data breach. I agree with all the prevention measures you mentioned. I would also add encrypting and hashing sensitive information, like ID numbers and medical records. This way, even if hackers get the data, they can’t easily read or use it. Along with the other measures, this would make the company’s security much stronger.
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Hello Siriluk, Thank you for explaining the 9Near data breach in detail. I agree that improving security measures is very important to stop incidents like this. Adding hashing for things like ID card number would help protect the data, so even if a hacker gets it, they wouldn’t be able to see the real ID card numbers.
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